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LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY,
OR
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
A
LITERARY AND BIOGRAPHICAL
HISTORY,
OR
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
FROM
THE BREACH WITH ROME, IN 1534, TO THE
PRESENT TIME.
"Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them."
Matt. vii. 20.
EY
JOSEPH GILLOW.
VOL. I.
BURNS & GATES.
LONDON : GRANVILLE MANSIONS, 28 ORCHARD STREET, W.
NEW YORK :
CATHOLIC PUBLICATION
SOCIETY CO.
9 BARCLAY STREET.
:eL
r( LIBRARY jj
OCT 1 9 1948
PREFACE.
The object of this work is to present, in the most ready and convenient form, a concise record of the literary efforts, educa- tional struggles, and the sufferings for rcligion^s sake of the Catholics in England down to the present time, from that of Henry VIII.'s breach with Rome, and the beginning of the consequent Anglican schism.
This volume is the first of a projected series of five, in which it is proposed to complete the work.
Hugh Tootell's biographies contained in his grand work in three folio volumes, known under the title of " Dodd's Church History/' published in the years 1737, i739, and 1742, form the only collective authority for Catholic biographical history. He had devoted thirty years of his life to the collection and preparation of the matter for this work, yet it is only brought down to the Revolution of 1688. Since Dodd's time there has not been any successful attempt to trace the general biographical history of the more eminent Catholics.
Those works which have appeared are restricted to time, to place, or to some particular class. The most important are — Bishop Challoner's " Memoirs of Missionary Priests," the Rev. Maziere Brady's " Episcopal Succession," Brother Foley's invaluable and voluminous " Records S.J.," Dr. Oliver's "Collectanea S.J.," and his "Collections Illustrative of the Catholic History of the Six Western Counties." Also, Fr. Morris's " Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers," Mr. S. H.
VI PREFACE.
Burke's " Historical Portraits of the Tudor Dynasty/' and Mr. David Lewis's able translation of Sanders' "Anglican Schism," with his elaborate preface and notes. These make up the principal part of the contributions to this depart- ment, but none of them embrace the wide field of Dodd's biographies.
Canon Tierney, who undertook in 1839 to republish Dodd's entire work, and to continue it to the end of the eighteenth century, under two divisions of history and biography, did not even conclude the former, and never commenced the latter.
But Canon Tierney was not the first to conceive the idea of continuing Dodd ; two previous attempts had proved unsuc- cessful. The first was by the Rev. Thomas Eyre, a Douay priest, who for fifteen years was chaplain at Stella, in Durham, and began, in the year 1791, to circulate queries and to collect materials for a continuation of the Church History. The events, however, of the French Revolution, and the destruction of the English Colleges abroad, called him to a more active life, and prevented his proceeding in a work which, in his hands, would have been ably executed. He was required to take charge of the refugees from Douay College who assembled in the North in 1793. At first they were hospitably received in the Rev. Arthur Story's school at Tudhoe, until they were able to remove to Pontop Hall, both in the county of Durham. Crook Hall, an untenanted mansion belonging to the Baker family, in the same county, was then rented : the scattered students thus formed a new College, over which Mr. Eyre was appointed President. This College was removed to Ushaw in 1808.
Mr. Eyre's collections are now at Ushaw College. They have not been used in the present work.
The second attempt was made by the Rev. John Kirk, D.D., of Lichfield, who, for upwards of forty years of his long life,
PREFACE. vii
was preparing materials for the purpose. Indeed, while yet a student in the English College at Rome, he seems to have devoted his attention to this object. It was his daily occupa- tion ; every leisure moment of his time, excepting a few years which his necessities obliged him to give to private tuition, was with little relaxation devoted to the accomplishment of this constant and ardent wish of his heart. With infinite labour he had at various times transcribed, or collected, and methodically arranged, letters, tracts, annals, records, diaries, and innumerable miscellaneous papers, forming upwards of fifty volumes in folio and quarto. An account of all these, specifically arranged under distinct heads, was published by him in a letter to the Rev. Joseph Berington, respecting the continuation of " Dodd's Church History," in the September number of the Catholic Miscellany, 1826. But the pressure of years, and many prudent misgivings, deterred him from actual publication ; so that, after restoring to the Bishops, Colleges, and to other private owners, their respective portions of the MSS. collected. Dr. Kirk assigned what was properly his own to Canon Tierney.
His fitness for such an undertaking is admirably ex- hibited in the portion of Dodd which he rearranged and republished.
The reason of Canon Tierney^s discontinuance of his valuable labours has never been distinctly explained, but the fear ex- pressed in the preface to his fifth and last volume, that his investigations might possibly by some be condenmed, is pretty generally understood to have been verified, and his work finally suspended in consequence.
It is to be hoped that the time has now arrived when all will agree with the remarks he then added : " To me, however, it appears that the interests of truth are the interests of each order and body of men. In itself, indeed, we have little
Vlll PREFACE.
concern with the conduct of our predecessors. It can neither diminish the lustre of our virtues, nor sanctify the errors of our proceedings : but it can supply a lesson either of en- couragement or of warning ; and may fortunately contribute to make us better, for the single reason that it makes us wiser,, men."
Whilst disclaiming partiality in the internal dissensions which, on certain matters of policy and jurisdiction, have from time to time occurred, the present work is put forth as the unassisted compilation of a layman, whose only desire is to place before the public a truthful view of the past. In this he feels assured that the cause of religion will be assisted, and the task of a more able historian very much lightened. He unites with Dodd in the belief expressed in his preface, that Catholics " suffer more by concealment and misrepresentation, than by an open and candid declaration."
Since Dodd^s days, the researches of antiquarians and his- torians have brought to light original documents and scarce books which that talented and industrious clergyman had not the opportunity of inspecting. He lived, as Canon Tierney points out, in a state of proscription, surrounded by alarms, shut out from the intercourse of the learned, compelled to pro- secute his studies in secret, and to send forth the result anonymously to the world, without that final correction which it might, perhaps, otherwise have received.
The vast collections in the Record Office, the British Museum, and other public libraries and offices throughout the kingdom, have all, in more recent times, been brought within the reach of the student, and placed at his disposal ; thus adding to the information of existing histories, explaining doubtful passages and correcting inaccuracies.
The present work is a compilation from the labours of previous writers, original documents, catalogues of public and
PREFACE. IX
private libraries, booksellers' and sale catalogues, with informa- tion derived from personal knowledge. It consists of biblio- graphical and biographical notices, with criticisms, of all deceased Catholic Authors, Martyrs, Confessors of the Faith, Cardinals, Bishops, Vicars-Apostolic, and Archpriests. Artists, including Painters, Sculptors, Architects, Musicians, and Actors, whose fame is deserving of notice, will also find a place in the work. Likewise those members of the Legal, Medical, Military, Naval, and Scientific professions, who have risen to eminence in spite of legislative restriction, and in the face of that into- lerant spirit which sought to prohibit Catholics from enjoying the position to Avhich their merits would otherwise have entitled them.
The authorities from which the biographies are chiefly drawn are carefully noted, and will be found sufficient to indicate sources for further research. It has been deemed unnecessary to quote volume and page in works which are either alphabetically or chronologically arranged, or supplied with satisfactory indices. Neither has it been thought neces- sary to append an imposing list of references to works which are mere repetition of those noted. The most reliable and convenient authorities have been selected.
Though the charge of disloyalty unceasingly levelled against the Catholics in England by their enemies has long been torn to shreds, the proofs of its utter groundlessness cannot be too often displayed. In the present instance it is of use, insomuch as it allows of the introduction of family notices which would otherwise be excluded from the scope of the work.
Undeviating attachment to their Sovereign and his rightful heirs, has ever been the distinguishing mark of Catholics, and additional suffering and persecution has been brought upon them in consequence.
X PREFACE.
No body of men contributed so largely, both in blood and treasure, to the maintenance of the Royal cause during the Civil Wars, as the persecuted and oppressed Recusants. Years ago Dr, Milncr pointed out that the whole of the Catholic nobility, with the serviceable proportion of the gentry and yeomanry, were seen flocking round the Royal standard, impatient to wash away with their blood the imputed stain of " disloyalty," which they had been unjustly constrained to bear during the greater part of a century. The Catholics who were possessed of castles and strongholds turned them into Royal fortresses ; and the rest of them raised what money their estates could afford, in support of the king and the constitution. Dodd, referring to a list, which is far from complete, notes that six lieutenant-generals, eighteen colonels, sixteen lieutenant- colonels, sixteen majors, sixty-nine captains, fourteen lieutenants, five cornets, and fifty gentlemen volunteers, all Catholics, lost their lives, fighting in the field for the Royal cause. The whole number of the noblemen and gentlemen, who thus perished on the side of the king, was estimated at five hundred. Two-fifths of these were Catholics. This is in considerable ex- cess of the proportion which the number of the Catholics at this period bore to that of the Protestants of the same social rank.
Yet mark the treatment the Catholics received in return. Every opportunity was seized to increase their sufferings, and make fresh exactions from their already impoverished estates. Even the family which sheltered Charles II. after his defeat at Worcester, and those Catholics to whom he owed his preserva- tion, were treated with the same injustice and ingratitude.
An interesting example of this is shown in a MS. in the British Museum, Add. MS., 20,739. It is a report by his Majesty's command, in 1671, of all the recusants convict in twenty-five counties and cities in England and Wales, amount- ing to 10,236 persons. It was forwarded to the Lords Com-
PREFACE. XI
missioners of the Treasurj'', for the purpose of calculating what more could be squeezed out of the unfortunate Catholics. Of this number, 5,496 belonged to the county of Lancaster alone.
Some of the comments accompanying this return are worthy of note. The writer observes that it is more than probable that the number of recusants in those counties from whence no convictions are certified, may at least equal, if not exceed, the number certified. Seeing that by law the penalty of ;^20 a month runs on after the first conviction until conformity, he considers it worth the labour to compute the total legal liability of these convictions as they stand upon the record. Conclud- ing that the penalty is " more than twenty times " due to the king, few convictions being less than two years old — most of three, four, five, and more years' standing — he arrives at a grand total of four or five millions sterling. This amount, he remarks, is more than all the recusants in England are worth. In those counties in which he had been able to make inquiry, the persons were either unknown or so poor as to be scarce w^orth the penalty of one ;^2 0, much less the cumulative penalties of two or three years. He adds, however, that there are persons of quality, "but such as either in person or their fathers did eminently serve the king."
The continued attachment of the great proportion of the Catholic body to the Stuarts after the usurpation of the throne by a Dutchman, which, but for religious bigotry, would have been repugnant to the sense of every Englishman, is a question of greater nicety, and it is not necessary to examine it here. Those who suffered the extreme penalty, or lost their lives in the field on this account, are included, as otherwise some families would not come within the limits of this work.
Booksellers and printers, to whom so much credit is due for spending their fortunes, and in earlier times sacrificing their
Xll PREFACE.
lives, in their efforts to assist and defend the cause by printing and circulating Catholic literature, have called for special atten- tion. Indeed, the work would be incomplete without them, and therefore the record has been made as perfect as the difficult circumstances, owing to the necessity of concealment of identity in times of persecution, will allow.
Charles Butler, noticing the extreme rarity of Catholic books published between the so-called Reformation and the Revolu- tion, attributes it to the power exercised by pursuivants. Almost at pleasure they could apprehend Catholics, or sus- pected Catholics ; take them before the magistrates ; enter and search their houses ; and seize their books, and any other kind of property which they imagined might be used for any rite of Catholic worship, or for any kind of Catholic devotion.
To this must also be added the smallness of the impressions, caused by the difficulties and dangers of circulation.
Gee, a Protestant, in his " Foot out of the Snare," published in 1624, drew attention to the extraordinary high prices of Catholic books. The reason is palpable, for it was absolutely impossible for secret presses to work cheaply, or books to be introduced into the country from abroad without great risk and expense. Some examples from his illustrations will show how difficult it must have been for Catholics to provide themselves with religious books. It will be remembered that the money of those days must be multiplied many times to bring the nominal value to its equivalent of to-day. The prices are apparently those of publication, compared with what Gee con- sidered the value under ordinary circumstances.
The Douay Bible, he says, sold for 40s., which at an ordi- nary price might be afforded for i os. ; the Rheims Testament 16s. or 20s., which might be produced for a noble or less ; the same in English, i6mo., 12s., as against 4s. ; Dr. Worthington's "Anker of Christian Doctrine," 14^'., against 5^-. ; Brereley's
PREFACE. xiii
" Protestant Apologle," i /j., against 6s. or less ; Tobie Matthew's " St. Augustine's Confessions," a little book, 8vo., i6s., against 2s. 6d. ; "The Pseudo-Scripturist/' by Fr. Norris, a book of some twelve sheets, sold at 5J-. ; "The Bishop of London's Legacy," containing about sixteen sheets, Gs. or /s. ; and others in like proportion.
Even in later times the small circulation obliged publishers to require high prices, and in the last century, when Catholic booksellers and printers were permitted to try and eke out a living by their profession, they generally had bankruptcy staring them in the face. The high prices of many modern Catholic books are still due to the same difficulty — a limited circulation.
Formerly it was unsafe for authors to attach their names to their works, and much less dare the printer reveal his name and address ; the publication had to be disguised under a foreign imprint. So late as 1725, a Catholic printer was prosecuted for publishing a book taken chiefly from Protestant authors, ** England's Conversion and Reformation Compared," by the Rev. Robert Manning. All this greatly adds to the labour of compiling a Catholic Bibliographical Dictionary ; at the same time it increases its value.
The penal enactments against education, whereby it was intended to extinguish the faith in this country, necessitated the establishment of Colleges and Convents abroad to perpetuate its very existence. Yet these efforts were not confined to the Continent ; schools on a small scale were secretly conducted in this country, even during the most severe times of persecution. Though it is impossible to embrace all who are known to have assisted in this meritorious work, so essential to the literary existence of the English Catholics, an attempt has been made to notice the founders of all English conventual and scholastic establishments abroad, with some brief outline or indication of
xiv PREFACE.
their subsequent history. Still more attention has been given to those daring schoolmasters who braved the dangers of their profession through the storm of religious persecution, and to their successors in quieter times, who sacrificed the more lucrative employments to which their talents and industry might have been directed, in their desire to keep alive the ancient faith and promote Catholic education.
The scope of a Biographical Dictionary necessarily admits only of abridged and condensed notices, yet the work uniformly proceeds on the plan of giving the most interesting and original details tending to throw light on general or personal history. An attempt has also been made to give a concise and impartial narrative of all the controversies in which Catholics have been engaged.
It is almost needless to add that the antiquary and genealogist will find much that will repay perusal. Nearly every Catholic family will in some way be represented in the course of the entire work, and an effort has been made to elucidate family history as much as the circumscribed character of the work will admit.
Though assistance has been disclaimed in the biographies, with the exception of where it is acknowledged in its proper place, the bibliographical part of the work, which will perhaps by many be considered the most valuable, is frequently in- debted to the extensive knowledge of early Catholic literature possessed by the Rev. Raymund Stanfield, and for much information derived from the valuable library at Foxcote, belonging to Mr. Philip J. C. Howard, of Corby Castle, to whose grandfather, Mr. Henry Howard, an obligation was acknowledged by Canon Tierney in his continuation of Dodd. Mr. Orby Shipley's collection of Catholic ascetical books has also been of great assistance, and sincere thanks arc due to
PREFACE. XV
those gentlemen who responded to the circular, requesting information on specific subjects, issued in December last.
The courtesy of Bro. Foley, S. J., and the use which has been made of the literary mine of Catholic historical matter with which he has liberally provided the public, must not be omitted, and a similar acknowledgment is due to the valuable aid rendered by the numerous publications of I"r. Morris, SJ.
The principal obligationj however, is due to his Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop for his kindness and confidence in per- mitting use to be made of a portion of Dr. Kirk^s labours.
These MSS., to which reference is repeatedly made, consist of four small but closely written bundles of biographical collec- tions, mostly of a date later than Dodd. A large proportion does not come within the limits laid down for this work ; part has been already printed in Catholic periodicals during Dr. Kirk's lifetime ; and some portion has been used by Bro. Foley, in his " Records S.J.," from a copy of the collection in the possession of the Society at St. Francis Xavier's, Liverpool.
Nevertheless, Dr. Kirk's collection, though coming to hand after the MS. of this volume was written, has been extensively used in its revision, and the indebtedness for the privilege cannot be too gratefully acknowledged.
In conclusion, again borrowing a remark from the preface of the Church Historian, the absence of literary style will, it is hoped, be excused, and the vastness and utility of the collection, which, in the language of Dodd, has indeed been " porter's work," be received as compensation for that and other deficiencies.
J. G.
London, June 1885.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
')
Abel, T., D.D., martyr. It is to be regretted that tliis extract from Dodd got into print, like some otliers, without revision. Much more miglit have been added, and Dodd's concluding remark is absurd. . The full title of Abel's work is, " Tractatus de non dissolvendo llenrici et Catherine matrimonio, Invicta Veritas. An Answere (to ' the determinations of the moste famous .... Universities, etc.'). That by no mauer of lavve it maye be lawfuil for the moste noble Kinge of Englande Kiiige Henry the ayght to be divorsid fro the Queues grace, his lawful and very wyfe." B.L. Luneberge, 1532, 410. P. 3, Acton, Charles, line \o,/or Masnod mz^/Mazenod. 1*. 7, Adams, J., No. 2, for Anglica }-ead Anglice. P. 10, Aldrich, R., last line but owe, for eloqiuntis ?rrr(/ eloquentire. P. 12, Alfield, Thomas. Mr. Richard Simpson wrote an article in The Rambler, 1S57, vol. vii., entitled " The Martyrdom of Thomas Alfield," which is much fuller than the account given by Challoner. ,, Alford, Michael, S.J., vide Griffith. P. 20, Allen, Card., No. 3, line 3,/^;- confessienn ;ra:i/ confession.
,, No 3, line (>.,for Lovanie n'rti/ Lovanii. I'. 21, No. 4, line a,, for Stapletono read Stapletonum. ,, No. 7, line 2, after quze insert Gregorio XIII. Pont. Max. Romcc et Remis pro Anglis sunt instituta.
,, One of the Cardinal's most interesting works has been omitted, "A Brief Historie of the Glorious Martyrdome of XII. Reverend Priests, executed within these twelve monethes for confession and defence of the Catholike Faith but undei" the false pretence of Treason. With a note of sundrie things that befel them in their life and imprisonment, and a Preface declaring their innocency. Set forth by such as were much conversant with them in their life, and present at their arraignment and death." Printed anno 1582, 8vo., vide Letters and Memorials of Card. Allen, p. 160 and note.
P. 21. No. 8, line 3, for propagnandam, crudissime >Yrt£/ propugnandam crudelissime. ,, No. 10. " A True, Sincere, and Modest Defence of English Catholiques that suffer for their Faith both at home and abrode. Against a false, seditious, and slanderous Libel, intituled. The Execution of Justice in England. Wherein is declared how unjustiie the Protestants doe charge Catholiques with treason ; how untrulie they deny their persecution for Religion, and how deceitfuUie they seeke to abuse strangers about the cause, greatness, and maner of their sufferings. With divers other matters perteining to this purpose." Ingolst. 1584, 8vo, title i f., preface 3 ff. pp. 219.
P. 22, Third paragraph, line 2, for exercitur read exercetur ; line ^,for focisque read forisque ; line 6, for Britannia read Britannica.
The " De Justitia" was not a translation of Allen's work, but was extracted from Sanders' " De Visibile Monarchic," edited, it is said, by Dr. Richard Barret. Pitts says that Allen's work was translated into Latin by W. Reynolds, " Ad Persecutores," &c. ,, Third paragraph, line T,for 1589 read 1588.
P. 23, No. 12, 4 lines from the end, omit perhaps the only one now in existence. Tierney, vol. iii. p. 29, refers to having one himself, a transcript of which he gives in the Appendix,"p. xliv. The "Admonition" was reprinted with a preface by Eupator, 1842, i2mo.
VOL. I. b
i
XVlll ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
r. 24, To the literature of the subject may be added, Bellescheim : Wilhehn Card. Allen. Miiinz, 1885. Also " Le College Anglais de Douai Pendant la Revolution Francais (Douai, Equercliin, et Doullens) Traduit de I'Anglais. Avec une introduction et des Notes par M. I'Abbe L. Dancoisme,'' Douai, 1881, i2nio., with portrait of Card. Allen, and arms incorrectly drawn. Perhaps the following should have been also noted : " The First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douay, and an Appendix of unpublished documents, edited by Fathers of the Congregation of the London Oratory, with an Historical Introduction by Thomas Francis Knox, D.D., Priest of the same Congregation," Lond. 1878, 4to., being vol. i. of " Records of the English Catholics under the Penal Laws. Chiefly from the Archives of the See of Westminster."
P. 28, Amherst, Bishop, actually entered the Dominican novitiate, and though not professed was clothed, and remained for a long time.
P. 31, Anderton, Dorothy, line 6, a/Ur estate i/tseH towards their support.
P. 35, Anderton, Lawrence. Brereley's identity with Lavvrence Anderton has here been too confidently stated. It is only a conjecture and needs proof, though it is absolutely certain that James Anderton, Esq., was not the author of the works published under the a/i'as of Brereley. It seems also beyond doubt that Brereley was a name adopted by one of the Andertons, but they were so numerous at this period, and so many of them were priests, that it is im- possible without stronger proof to fix the identity. The writer's impressions were rather too hastily drawn from the prefaces of Brereley's and Lawrence Anderton's works, and their similarity in style. A strong argument against the assumption is that the Society, which has always kept such a careful record of its authors, has never laid any claim to Brereley.
P. 37, No. 3. 16 10 has been stated as the date of a first edition, but it is question- able if this is not a mistake for 1620 given as a second edition. ,, No. 4. This also was probably only printed in 1624.
P. 47, Andrews, \V. E., line 5, a//cr than zjiseri that which would be necessary for.
P. 49, line 3,/^r Dec. 31, 1842, reaii Jun. 1, 1846. ,, No. I, yth paragraph, /or 15th and last volume, Dec. 31, 1842, read 21st and last vokmie, Dec. 31, 1845. The volume closed as stated, but another number was issued Jan. i, 1846, No. 538, vol. xxi., price 6d., in which the Editor states that the Journal had been working at a loss, and he appeals to the public for support, adding that its continuation depended upon the demand for the next number (apparently that number), an increase in circu- lation of 300 being necessary to cover cost.
P. 52, z'i(/e Rev. J. Curr, p. 610, No. 4.
P. 54, Ari'LETON, James, No. 2, line 4,>;- L'Homoncl nWLhomond.
!*• 59) Akne, T. a., 6th line from bottom, y^;- instructions read instruction.
P. 63, Arrowsmith, E., No. 7, line i,/or cruante read cruaute.
P. 66, Arundel, P. H., line 4 from bottom, y^;;- and read ad.
P. 67, No. I, reprinted 1610.
P. Si, The second paragraph should have run on to " Mary and Barbara," a fresli paragraph commencing " The former."
P. 88, Austin, J., line ij/^r cotemporary nW contemporary. ,, Nos. 3 and 4. These two are the same work with different title-pages. Part I. seems to have first appeared under the title, "Liberty of Conscience Asserted ; or. Persecution for Religion Condemned by the Laws of God, Nature, and Reason," sm. 4to., 1649, pp. 6. Subsequently it appeared as "The Christian Moderator, in Two Parts; or, Persecution for Religion Condemned by the Light of Nature, Law of God, Evidence of our own Principles. With an Explanation of the Roman Catholick Belief concerning these four points : Their Church, Worship, Justification, and Civill Govern- ment. The fourth edition." Lond., printed for II. }., 1652, i2mo., title I f., pp. 1-86 and 15-52, postscript 1 f., signed Will.'Birchley. This, it will be seen, is exactly the same as No. 4, with the title of "The Catholiques Plea," first printed without date, and then as given. Under
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. xix
No. 3 it is stated to have been airain printed in 1653, but this should be — "The Christian Moderator, Third Part; or, The Oath of Abjuration Arraigned by the Common Law and Common Sense, Antient and Modern Acts of Parhament, Declarations of the Army, Law of God, and Consent of Reformed Divines, and humbly submitted to receive Judgment from this Plonorable Representative." Lund., 1653, 4to., title i f., p. 30, signed Will. Birchley. P. S9, line \,for Birkley read Birchley.
,, No. 5, add i2mo., pp. 96.
,, No. 7, published at Paris, 1668, i2mo.
,, No. 7, line 8, for Svo. : read 8vo.,
,, " ,, 10, /i;r edition rea^ edition."
P. 100, Baggs, C. M., No. 7, line i,y^r sistcrna n-(Zrt? sistema.
P. 104, Baii.ky. T. He also wrote, " Golden Apophthegms of King Charles I. and Henry, Marquis of Worcester," 1660, pp. 8.
P. 113, B.vker, D. a., 2nd paragraph, line 9, yi;;' of 7-eadixQxa.,
P. 114, No. 2, line %,for from read on.
P. 116, No. 35. To the literature of this subject must be added, "The Spiritual Exercises of the most Virtuous and Religious D. Gertrude More, of the Holy Order of St. Bennet, and English Congregation of our Ladies of Comfort in Cambray. Slie called them ' Amor ordinem nescit,' and Idiot's Devotions. Her only spiritual father and director, the Ven. Fa. Baker, styled them ' Confessiones Amantis,' A Lover's Confession," Paris, 1658, i2mo.. Ded. to the Rev. Mother Bridgit More, Prioress of the English Benedictine Nuns of our Lady of Hope, i'aris, by F. G. She was the great- granddaughter of Sir Thomas More.
P. 121, Bamber, E., 2nd paragraph, line 4, y^rwere a;;^/ their, read ^^% a«(/his.
P. 127, Barclay, J., No. 5, line 2, for Perente read Parente.
P. 134, Barlow, Sir A., line a,, for in read among.
P. 138, Barnes, J., 3rd paragraph, line 3,_/^r inference rc'^^ evidence.
P. 154, Bassett, J., No. I, to this must be added "An Eirenicon of the Eighteenth Century. Proposal for Catholic Communion by a Minister of the Church of England," &c. Lond. 1879, 8vo.
P. 160, Beaumont, E. , 4th paragraph, line 2, read A subsequent possessor of the title conformed, and deprived Mr, Beaumont of his house and chapel, withdrawing all support from him.
P. 167, Bedingfeld, F., 1st paragraph, line '^, for Abbey, read PCo\>zy ;
P. 176, Bellamy P'amily. Much information relative to this family's sufterings for religion's sake will be found in Fr. Morris' Troubles, Second Series, which escaped notice when this memoir was written. Mrs. Bellamy was the widow of William Bellamy, of Uxenden Manor, and daughter of William Forster, of Cobdock, CO. Suffolk. At the time referred to Uxenden was in the possession of her eldest son William, and Jerome washer fifth and youngest son. They were very much persecuted, and the charge of complicity in the Babington plot was a mere excuse. She herself died a martyr's death in the Tower of London, the hardships of which rendered a public execution un- necessary. Her third son, Bartholomew, shared her imprisonment in the Tower, and gained with her the martyr's crown, for he died under torture in that cruel place. The original papers published by Fr. Morris throw a very different complexion on this melancholy affair than has hitherto been given.
P. 186, Berington, C, last paragraph, line 6, for of the read at the.
P. 205, Betham, J., No. I, "A Sermon of the Epiphany, preached in the Queen Dowager's Chappel, at Somerset House, upon the Twelfth Day, Jan. the 6th, 16S6. By John Betham, Dr. of Sorbon, and Preacher in Ordinary to his ^lajesty." Lond., Matt. Turner, 1687, 4to., title i f., pp. 34, errata i p.
P. 217, BlsHor, E.,No. i. This notice has got strangely confused. T\\q Deutsehland was a German vessel wrecked on the English coast in 1875, bearing away
XX ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
some exiled German nuns, who were drowned. Their bodies were recovered, and a dirj^e was smig at Stratford, at which Cardinal Manning preached. This incident reminded the Rev. H. Van Doorne, of Brixton Rise, London, S.W. , of the history of Elizabeth Bishop and her companions, and \y- wrote a letter io T/ie Tablet, entitled "A Remarkable Parallel. The Wreck uf the Deuischlanci.''
V. 2iS, Bishop, G., No, 2, line i,for Compagner r^ar^/ Campagne, The book is the " Way to instruct the Poor of the Country," i.e., the country poor, as dis- tinct from the poor of the cities and towns. ,, No. 4 was published the year following Mr. Bishop's death, 1769.
P. 277, BoURCHiER, T., No. 2, line i,fo)- Orationum 7-ead Orationem.
P. 285, Boyle, Richard, Rev. Three years after Andrews' Orthodox yournal had been discontinued, it was revived by Mr. Boyle under the title " The Weekly and Monthly Orthodox. A Catholic Journal of Correspondence and Literature," published by INL Andrews, Duke Street, Little Britain, London, and edited by the Rev. Richard Boyle, Svo., double columns, price 3^/. It was a well got-up publication, with illustrations and a weekly calendar, commencing Jan. 6 and ending July 28, 1849, when it was united with The Weekly Register, the successor of Dolman's Magazine, which made its first appearance Aug. 4, 1S49, published by Thomas Booker, and edited by Rev. Edward Price.
Mr. Boyle was the priest at Islington, where he built the presbytery, for which he claimed compensation when he was removed. The following pamphlets were published on the subject : —
1. Correspondence between Cardinal Wiseman and the Rev. Richard
Boyle in Reference to his Removal from the Catholic Church of St. John's, Islington. Lond. 1S53, Svo.
2. Report of the Trial at Guildford. Lond. 1854, Svo. ■3. Report of the Trial at Kingston. Lond. 1855, Svo. 4. Full Statement of the Causes. Lond. 1855, 8vo.
P. 302, Bristow, R., No. 2, line J, for degnus read ^igwus.
P. 313, Brook, B., No. i, first edition said to be 1649 ; others I7i4and 1741.
,, No. 2, an edition 1631 ; that of 1634 has only three tomes. The later editions have five. P. 325, Brown, T. J., No. 2, line i, for T>7^■\x\>\.\xy read 'DzMbtny. P. 368, Byki.eet, John Edward, O.S.B., t/zV/t" Worsley. P. 437, Catherine of Arragon, No. 5, edited by N. Pocock.
P. 544, Collins, Rev. Dr., about the time of the French Revolution established a school at Harrow, and in 1S06 removed to Southall Park, nine miles from London, where he had about twenty boys. He had two assistant masters, one of whom, for some years, was the Rev. John Chetwode Eustace, the author of " The Classical Tour." Dr. Collins maintained his school at Southall Park until about 1S30. It seems to have been held in high esti- mation. (Gillow, "Cath. Schools in Eng.," MS.)
P. 571, Corker, J. M. The following anonymous pamphlets were written by this learned Benedictine, who probably was the author of many others not recorded.
7. " Queries to Dr. Sacheverell from North Britain," s.l. aut an., 4to., pp. S.
Henry Sacheverell, D.D., was suspended by the Plouse of Lords, in 1 7 ID, for preaching and printing two sermons in the preceding year, which attacked Low Churchmen and Dissenters. Many tracts were Avrilten on the subject. Walpolc, Earl of Orford, wrote "Four Letters to a Friend in North Britain upon the publi^liing the Tryal of Dr. Sache- vell." Lond. 17 10, 4to. This tract does not refer to Fr. Corker's.
8. " A Rational Account given by a Young Gentleman to his Uncle of the
Motives and Reasons why he is become a Roman Calholick, and why lie now Declines any farther Disputes or Contests about Matters of Religion," s.l., aut an., 4to., pp. S.
BIOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
Abbot, Augustine or John, alias Rivers, priest and confessor of the Faith; a native of London, born in 1588, was ordained priest at Douay in 16 12, when he left the college to enter the Society of Jesus. He was sent to the English mission in 161 5. After 1621 his name disappears from the catalogues of the Jesuits, and it seems probable that he left the Society about this time. On Dec. 8, 164.1, he was condemned with six other priests, at the sessions held at the Old Bailey, to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, for being a priest, and they were to have been executed on the 13th of the same month. They were, however, reprieved by the king in spite of the strenuous opposition of both Houses of Parliament, but were all suffered to linger away their lives in Newgate. The date of Mr. Abbot's death is not recorded.
CJialloner, JMcvioirs; Foley, Records, S.J., Collectanea.^
I. Jesus Prsefigured ; or, a Poeme of the Holy Narae of Jesus, in Five Bookes. Permissu Superiorum. 1623. 410. Dedicated to Prince Charles. Prefixed is also a letter in Spanish by the same person : " A la Serenisima Seiiora Doiia Maria de Austria, Infante de Ispana, Princesa de Gales," dated from the Convent of St. John the Baptist at Antwerp, Nov. 12, 1623. This date proves that the news of the breaking off of the royal match had not reached Antwerp at that date, and readily accounts for the work not being continued through the last three books. Charles left Madrid, Sept. 8, o.s. 1623.
The work abounds with references to the English martyrs and persons of distinction.
Abbot, Henry, martyr, a yeoman and zealous convert, who lived at Holden, in Yorkshire, was put to death on account of VOL. I. V.
2 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
his religion at York, Nov. 29, 1596. Dodd, on the authority of Dr. Worthington's Catalogue of Martyrs, gives the date of his death as 1595, and states that he was convicted for assisting and relieving missioners.
CJialloner, Memoirs ; Dodd, CJi. Hist.
Abel, or Able, Thomas, D.D., was educated at Oxford, where he took his degrees in Arts, in 151 6, and was afterwards created D.D. He is described as a learned man, well versed in modern languages, and also a proficient master of instru- mental music. These qualifications introduced him to Court, and he was appointed domestic chaplain to Queen Catharine, wife of Henry VIII. The affection he bore towards his mistress led him into the dangerous controversies of the times. He opposed the divorce, both by word and pen, but unfortunately was misled by the delusions of Elizabeth Barton, called the Holy Maid of Kent, and he incurred a misprision. He was afterwards condemned to die, and was executed at Smithfield, July 30, 1540, together with Dr. Edward Powel and Dr. Richard Fetherstone, for denying the ecclesiastical supremacy of the king, and affirming his marriage with Queen Catharine to be good.
Three Lutheran divines suffered at the same time and place.
From these and such like inconsistent executions during the reign of Henry VIII., it is hard to say who were most in his favour, Catholics or Reformers, and where to fix his religion.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
I. Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henriei et Catharina Matri- monis. 1534.
Abell, John, musician, was attached to the royal chapel in the reigns of Charles II. and James II., but after the Revolu- tion of 1688, he was discharged on account of his religion. Thereupon he went abroad, and distinguished himself by singing in public in Holland, at Hamburg, and other places. In 1 70 1 he published at London a collection of songs, with a dedication to William III. Towards the end of Oueen Anne's reign he was at Cambridge with his lute, but met
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 3
with little encouragement. How long he lived afterwards is not known.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
2. Songs, ded. to William III. Lond. 1701.
Ackrick, or Ackrige, John, priest, was born at Richmond. In Yorkshire, where he was brought up. He was a good musician and Latin scholar, and was for some time a Protestant curate. He was eventually reconciled to the Church, and appears to have served the mission in the neighbourhood of his native town^ where he was apprehended, in his sister's house, tried by his kinsman, an alderman of Richmond, and was com- mitted for being a priest to York Castle. Here, though infirm and weak, he was put in irons, being subsequently removed to the North Block-house and Castle of Hull, where he remained in prison until his death, March 2, 15 85.
Reeo7'ds S.J, vol. iii. p. 232.
Acrick, or Ackerige, Sir Tliomas, O.S.F., renouncing the world, was ordained priest, and apparently served the mission in his native county, Yorkshire, where he was appre- hended and committed to York Castle. Fr. Grene relates in his MS., that even while in prison he strictly observed the rules of his Order. He was removed from York Castle to the North Block-house, Castle of Hull, where he remained for some time until his death, about i 5 Z'^.
Foley, Records S.J. vol. iii.
Acton, Charles Januarius, Cardinal, was the second son of Sir John Francis Acton, Bart., and was born at Naples, March 6, 1803. The family was a cadet branch of the Actons of Aldenham Hall, near Bridgnorth, in Shropshire, and had settled in Naples some time before the Cardinal's birth. His father was engaged in the Neapolitan service when he succeeded to the family estate and title on the death of bis cousin. Sir Richard Acton, Bart. The education of the future Cardinal was in great measure English ; for though he learnt his rudi- ments from M. De Masnod, afterwards Bishop of Marseilles, upon the death of his father, in 1 8 11, he was sent with his elder brother, Sir Ferdinand Richard Edward Acton, to a school kept
B 2
4 BIBLIOGRArHICAL DICTIONARY
by the Abbe Oueque, at Parson's Green, near London. His guardians then removed the two Actons to Westminster School, upon an understanding that their religion should not be inter- fered with ; but difficulties arose on this score which soon obliged their being removed, and they were placed in a Protestant school at Isleworth. They next were sent to reside with a Protestant clergyman in Kent, the Rev. Mr. Jones, as private pupils. After this, in 1 8 19, they went to Cambridge, and became, under Dr. Neville, inmates of Magdalen College, where the future Cardinal finished his secular education in 1823. The reader will allow that this was a very unusual preparation for the Roman purple. He now, in 1823, proceeded to Rome, and entered the College of the Academia Ecclesiastica, where ecclesiastics, intending to be candidates for public offices, receive a special training. Here xVcton distinguished himself by his piety and assiduity, having, besides the common lectures, the assistance of a private tutor, in Professor (afterwards Cardinal) Fornari. One of his proba- tional essays attracted such attention from the Secretary of State, Delia Somaglia, that Pope Leo XH. made him one of his chamberlains, and sent him as an attache to the Nunciature of Paris. Here he had the best possible opportunity of becoming thoroughly acquainted with diplomacy. Pius ^"^I. recalled- him to Italy, and named him Vice-legate, giving him a choice of any out of the four legations over which Cardinals presided. This was quite a new office, and Monsignor Acton selected Bologna, as affording him the best opportunities for improve- ment. Here he became acquainted with the whole system of provincial administration, and the application of civil law. He was, however, but a short time there, for at the close of that brief Pontificate he left the city, before the unexpected revolu- tion broke out. He was in England again in 1829, to marry his only sister Elizabeth to Sir Robert Throckmorton. By Gregory XVI. he was made an assistant-judge in the civil court of Rome ; and secretary to a most important congregation, or council, for the maintenance of religious discipline. But in Jan. 1837, to his own astonishment and dismay, he was ap- pointed to the highest dignity in Rome, after the cardinalate, that of Auditor to the Apostolic Chamber. Probably it was the first time that so responsible a post, generally conferred on a prelate of great judicial experience and of long standing, had been offered to a foreigner. Acton refused it, but was obliged
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 5
to yield to a sovereign command. Tliis office is considered as necessarily leading- to a place in the Sacred College ; so that when Cardinal Weld died in the April following Acton's pro- motion, it could hardly be matter of conjecture that his turn was not far distant. The death of his elder brother, Sir Ferdinand Acton, of Aldenham, brought him to England in 1837, for a short time, in order to settle family matters, which he did in the most generous manner. He was proclaimed Cardinal Priest, with the title of Santa Maria della Pace, Jan. 24, 1S42, having been created nearly three years previous. His health, never strong, soon began to decline ; a prolonged attack of ague weakened him till he was unable to shake it off, and he sought refuge, first at Palermo, then in Naples, his native city. But it was too late ; and he expired there June 23, 1847. Many who saw him knew little of his sterling worth. So gentle, so modest, so humble was he, so little in his own esteem, that his solid judgment, extensive acquirements, and even more ornamental accomplishments, were not easily elicited by a mere visitor or casual guest. It used to be said by those who knew him in early youth, that his musical powers and genial wit used to form, combined, an inexhaustible fund of innocent 'cheerfulness ; and certainly his countenance seemed to have retained the impression of a natural humour that could have been easily brought into play. But this was overruled by the pressure of more serious occupation and the adoption of a more spiritual life.
The soundness of his judgment and his legal knowledge were fully recognized by the Bar, for it was familiarly said by advocates of the first rank, that if they could only know M. Acton's view of a case they could make sure of what would be its ultimate decision. In like manner, when he was officially consulted on important ecclesiastical business, and gave his opinion in writing, this was so explicit, clear, and decisive, that Pope Gregory used to say that he had never occasion to read anything of his twice over.
The greatest proof which the Pope could well have given him of his confidence was to select him, as he did, to be his interpreter and only witness, in the important interview between him and the Emperor of Russia. Of what took place at it, not a Avord was ever breathed by the Cardinal beyond this, that when he had interpreted the Pope's first sentence, the Emperor turned
6 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
to him in the most respectful and finished manner, and said, " It will be agreeable to me if your Eminence will act as my interpreter also." Immediately after the conference, Cardinal Acton wrote down, at the Pope's request, a minute account of it, but he never allowed it to be seen.
The King of Naples came to Rome principally to provide a good bishop for his metropolis, and pressed acceptance of the See on Cardinal Acton, who, however, inexorably refused it. When a lamentable accident deprived the then reigning family of France of its first-born, the bereaved mother wrote to him as a friend in whom she could confide, to tell her griefs and hopes, and obtain through him what could alleviate her sorrows.
As to his charities, they w^ere so unbounded, that he wrote from Naples that he had actually tasted the distress which he had often sought to lighten in others. He may be said to have departed hence in all the wealth of a willing poverty.
Card. Wiscjnan, Recollections of the Last Four Popes.
I. A Portrait, by T. Uwins, R.A., cngr. by A. Periam, was inserted in the Catholic Directory of 1843, with a biographical sketch, "Card. Acton, setat. 27."
Acton, Joseph, was the son of a physician, of the family of Acton of Aldenham, in Shropshire, and was born at Besan9on in 1737- He entered into the French navy, and afterwards that of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. His rescuing of 4,000 Spaniards from the Barbary corsairs made him known at the Court of Naples, and through the patronage of the queen he became Minister of the Marine, and afterwards of the Finances. He was dismissed from the Ministry in 1803, and retired into Sicily, where he died in 1808.
Gates, Diet, of Gen. Biog.
Acton, Thomas, priest, martyr ; vide Holford.
Adams, Jam.es, Father S.J., born in England, 1737 ; entered the Society at Watten, 1756 ; and taught humanities at St. Omer's College with great success. He was missioner at Aston, Stafford, in 1773, and after pursuing the quiet tenor
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 7
of his way as a missionary for many years, he retired to Dubh'n in Aug. 1802, and died there Dec. 6 following, aged 65.
Oliver, Collcctioiis ; Foley, Records S.J., Collectanea.
1. Early Rules for taking a Iiikeness. With plates. From the French of IJonamici. Lend. 1792. Svo. ])[). 59.
2. Oratio Academica, Anglica et Latine conscripta. Lend. 1793. Svo. pp. 21.
3. Euphonologia Linguae Anglicanse, Latine et Galliee Scripta. Lond. T794. Svo. pp. 190. Inscribed to the Royal Societies of Derlin and London. The author was honoured with the thanks of the Royal Society, London.
4. Rule Britannia ; or, the Flattery of Free Subjects para- phrased and expounded. To which is added an Academical Discourse in English and Latin. Lond. 1796. Svo. pp. 60.
5. A Sermon Preached at the Catholic Chapel of St. Patrick, Sutton Street, Soho Square, on Wednesday, the 7th of March, the Day of Public Fast. Lond. 179S. Svo. pp. 34.
6. The Pronunciation of the English Language vindicated from imputed Anomaly and Caprice; in two Parts, with an Appendix. Edin. 1799. Svo. pp. 164.
This work, according to Park, contains " many ingenious remarks on languages and dialects, though the style of the writer is characterized by much whimsical eccentricity."
7. From a letter of his friend, John ^tloir, dated Edinburgh, Nov. ir, 1801, as well as from the reply to it, it is obvious that Father Adams con- templated publishing his Tour Through the Hebrides.
8. Dr. Oliver seemed to think he was the author of three works : " The Elements of Reading," 1791 ; of "Useful Knowledge," 1793 5 and "A View of Universal History," 1795 ; but these are the works of the Rev. John Adams, M.A.
Adams, John, priest and martyr, was born at Martin's Town, Dorset, and from a Calvinist minister became a fervent Catholic. He was ordained priest at Rheims, and returned home a missionary in 1581. Apprehended, he was im- prisoned and banished, in 1585, but returning to England he again fell into the persecutors' hands, and on Oct. 8, 1586, expiated, by a glorious death at Tyburn, that crime of high treason affixed by English law to the character and functions of a priest.
Hampshire was the chief arena of his apostolic labours, and Fr. Warford, S.J., who had known him, relates that he was of the middle size, apparently about 40 years of age, had a darkish beard, cheerful countenance, black eyes, ready speech,
i> BIBLIOGRArillCAL DICTIONARY
and was " ingenii simplicis et admodum pii : laborlosus imprimis."
Challo/ier, Metnoirs ; Oliver, Collections.
Adamson, Kobert Vincent, O.P., was born about Nov. 1799, at Freckleton, in Lancashire, being descended from an ancient yeomanry family, originally settled at Goosnargh, which constantly figures in the Recusant Rolls from the time of Elizabeth to the reign of George I. He was professed at Hinckley, July 3, 18 17, and taught at Bornhem for two years from the following September. He then studied at Mechlin, and was ordained priest June i, 1823. Returning to Hinckley, he taught there for about two years, and was then appointed assistant priest of the Sisters at Hartpury Court. He died there, May 12, 1831, aged 12, and was buried in Hartpury churchyard.
Palmer, Obit. Notices O.S.D.
I. Remarks on a Discoiu'se entitled " The Chnrch of England and the Church of Rome, compared with the Gospel of Christ," &e., preached in the Church of St. John the Baptist, at Glouces- ter, by the Rev. Hen. Wintle, M.A., Lecturer, Cheltenham. Lond. 1829. 8vo. pp. 58.
Adelhani, or Adland, John Placid, O.S.B., was born in Wiltshire, and from a Protestant minister became a monk of the venerable Order of St. Bennet. He was professed at St. Edmund's Monastery, Paris, in 1652. He was Prior of St. Laurence's Monastery at Dieulward from 1659 to 1661, and was sent to England and stationed at Somerset House from 1 66 1 to 1675. In the latter year he was banished, but return- ing to England, became one of the victims of the infamous Oates' Plot, and was tried and condemned to death merely as a priest, Jan. i 7, 1678—9. He was reprieved, but was detained in prison in Newgate, where he died between 168 i and 1685. He was a great reader and admirer of the works of St. Augustin.
Challoner, 3Ieinoirs ; Sjiozv, Bcned, Necrology.
Adolph, William, Esq., a merchant of Great St. Helen's, married, in 1 840, Maria Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Mr.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 9
Richard Brown, the cmhient Cathoh'c publisher of London, and died at his residence, Maitland Park, Haverstock Hill, June 22, 1868, aged 58.
1. The Simplicity of the Creation; concise view of Mr. Adolph's new theory of the Solar System, Thunderstorms, Water- spouts, &c. Liverpool, 1S56, 161110.; Lond. 18:59, 8vo. ; 1S61 and 1864.
2. The Origin and Character of the Holy Scriptures. Lond. 1S66. 8vo.
3. The Stranger's Guide at High Mass. Lond. (Derby printed), roy. 32mo. pp. 43, with Address to the Protestant reader.
Agar, William Seth, divine, was born near York, on Christmas-day 1815. He was educated at Prior Park, where he was ordained priest, and was appointed to succeed the Rev. William Joseph Vaughan as incumbent of Lyme, Dorsetshire, in the midsummer of 1845.
Ill-health at length compelled him to retire from his mission, and for a short time he supplied at Salisbury. On his recovery he resumed his pastoral duties at Lyme, from which he was transferred to Spetisbury, on account of Lyme disagreeing Avith him.
In 1852 he was appointed chaplain to the canonesses of St. Augustine at Abbotsleigh, and four years later he was installed Canon of the Plymouth chapter in the room of Canon Tilbury, deceased. He died Aug. 23, 1872, in the 57th year of his age, the 30th of his priesthood, and the 20th of his residence at St, Augustine's Priory.
Canon Agar was a deep thinker, rather than a great reader ; for though he had studied many theological and philosophical works, and had carefully annotated all the published writings of Rosmini, his favourite author, yet he had the faculty of seizing upon the thoughts rather than the words of the authors he consulted, and thus making them a portion of his own mind. Perhaps, hardly a priest in England was more deeply versed in ascetical and mystical theology, or had had more experience in the operations of grace in souls.
Oliver, Collections ; Can. Brownloza, Tablet, Sept. 7, 1872.
1. A Catholic Catechism, methodically arranged for the use of the Uninstructed. Lond. 1849, 32010. A trans, from the Italian of Dr. Rosmini Serbati.
2. Annotations on the Works of Eosmini. MSS.
10 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Ainswortli, Sophia Magdalene, in religion Sister Mary Anne Liguori of Jesus Crucified, O.SS.R., vv-as the daughter of John Hanmer, Esq., and sister of Sir Thomas Hanmer, of Bettisfield Park, Shropshire. She was born at Hanmer, in Fhntshire, July 2 2, 1819; and, in 1839, married John Lees Ainswortli, Esq., of Oldham, co. Lancaster.
Shortly after her marriage, like so many others at the com- mencement of what is known as the Tractarian movement, she was led to study the truth of the Catholic religion, in total ignorance of which she had of course been brought up.
Whilst harassed with doubts, and suffering at the same time from other trials, she came across the little treatise on Con- formity to the Holy Will of God by St. Alphonsus. This work made a great impression on her. Somewhat later she attended a course of instructions, by Fr. (Cardinal) Newman, at the Orator}^, King William Street, which resulted in her con- version.
She was received into the Church, by Fr. Newman, June 14, 1850.
She induced her husband to allow her five children to be educated as Catholics, and twenty years later Mr. Ainswortli himself Avas received into the Church, a short time before his death in 1871.
Several Catholic missions owe their foundations to Mrs. Ainswortli : Upton, in Worcestershire, Denbigh, &c.
After her husband's death, on Sept. 22, 1872, she entered the Convent of the Redemptorists in Dublin, and on May 19, in the following year, she received the habit.
Family difficulties obliged her to return for some time into the world, but she returned, in June I 875, when the Redemp- torists removed from their temporary dwelling to the Monastery at Clonliffe West. Here she was professed, Sept. 1876, and died April i, 1882.
The Tablet, April, 1882.
Aldrich, Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, a native of Burn- ham, in Buckinghamshire, was elected from Eton to King's College, Cambridge, in 1507. Here he became acquainted with Erasmus, who in one of his epistles calls him " blandre eloqiunticC Juvenis," and accompanied him on his famous pil- grimage to Walsingham in i 5 1 1.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. I I
He was B.A, 1511-12 ; M.A. 1515 ; and Master of Eton School from the hitter year to i 5 I 8, In i 5 i 7 a special grace passed that he might be B.D. within two years, but he was not admitted to that degree within the prescribed period. He was a university preacher in 1523, and one of the proctors of the university in the year following. He was employed by the university to write certain letters to the king in 1527, and was collated to the prebend of Centum Solidorum in the church of Lincoln, July 18, 1528, but exchanged it for that of Decem Librarum in the same church, Jan. i 528-9. He was a member of the Convocation in 1529, when the great case of the king's divorce was agitated, and in the same year was incorporated at Oxford in the degree of B.D., which he had previously taken at Cambridge.
In 1530 he commenced D.D. at Oxford, and was nominated by the Crown to the Archdeaconry of Colchester, Dec. 30, 1531. Two years later he accompanied the Duke of Norfolk and others on an embassy to the King of France and the Pope ; and May 13, 1534, was constituted Registrar of the Order of the Garter and Canon of Windsor. He was elected Provost of Eton College, June 21, 1536 ; became Almoner to Queen Jane Seymour ; and w^as nominated Bishop of Carlisle, June 1 8, 1537. He seems to have run with the times, but eventually died in communion with the Catholic Church. In 1539 he is found vigorously supporting the Bill of the Six Articles in the House of Lords ; and in the following year he was one of many eminent divines whom the king appointed to compare the rites and tenets of the Church with the Scriptures and ancient writers. He complied with all the subsequent changes of religion, and in the reign of Mary acted as a commissioner for the suppression of heresies ; and took a part in the pro- ceedings against Bishop Hooper, Dr. Rowland Taylor, Dr. Crome, John Rogers, and other Protestants.
He died at Horncastle, Lincolnshire, March 5, 1555-6, and was there buried.
His learning is highly extolled by Erasmus and Leland.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Cooper, Ath. Cantab.
1. Epigrammata varia in Herman's Antibossicon.
2. Epistola ad GulieL Hermanum, in Latin verse, prefixed to the same author's Vulgaria, 1 52 1. 4to.
A satire upon R. Whittington.
12 BIBLIOCiRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY
3. The Register of the most noble Order of the Garter, com- monly called the Black Book, published by John Anstis, Garter, 172/J, fol.
Mr. Anstis, however, speaks disparagingly of this work, which he says is full of mistakes, and he terms its author a credulous antiquary.
4. Several treatises against Rob.Whittington, Dodd, Certamen Utriusque, mentions one on the Real Presence.
Alfield, Thomas, priest, martyr, was bom in Gloucester- shire, and studied his divinity in the Enghsh College then at Rheims, where he was ordained priest in 1581, and sent upon the English mission.
Shortly after his arrival in England he appears to have been arrested and thrown into prison, where he is found in April, I 582. In the latter part of the following year, or the beginning of I 5 84, Cecil published his work, entitled " The Execution of Justice, &c., or, Justitia Britannica." The drift of this book was to persuade the world that the Catholics who had suffered in England since the Queen's accession to the throne, had not suffered for religion, but for treason. This work was imme- diately answered by Dr. Allen, who thoroughly exposed the glaring untruths of the Lord Treasurer. But people in power will not submit to be told they lie ; and therefore Mr. Alfield, who had found means to import into the kingdom some copies of Dr. Allen's " Modest Answer to the English Persecutors," and had dispersed them, with the help of Thomas Webley, a dyer, was called to account, with Webley also ; and both were most cruelly tortured in prison. This was done in order to make them reveal the names of the persons to whom the books had been distributed. They were afterwards brought to trial, and condemned July 5, and suffered at Tyburn on the following day, 1585.
They were offered their lives if they would renounce the Pope and acknowledge the Queen's ecclesiastical supremacy, but they refused to do so.
Challojicr, Memoirs.
Alford, Thomas, Father S. J., is referred to by De Backer as publicly defending theses m the Jesuit College at Rome in 1622, but his name does not appear in Bro. Foley's Collec- tanea S.J. of the English Province.
De Backer, Biblioihegue des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jesus.
I
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. I
O
I. Kosa veralla sive de laudibus lUmi, Principis Fabritii Card. Veralli Odse tres. A. Martino, Tondo Acad. Parth. dedicatae dum publice de philosophia disputaret in Collegio Rom. Sociotatis Jesu. Rom8e,Typis JacobiMascardi, 1622. Superiorum Permissu.
4to., title, pp. 16.
Alice, Dame, vide Alice Harrison.
Allanson, George, priest, is alluded to by Gee, in 1624, as a Jesuit and author of the under-mentioned work, but he was either incorrect, or the name was a pseudonym, for it is not met with in the diaries of the various colleges, or the clergy lists.
Gee^ Foot out of the Snare, 1624.
I. Of the Conversion of Nations, of the Miracles, of the Mar- tyrdoms, and of the Union of the Members of the Catholic Church. By George Allanson, Jesuit.
Allanson, Peter Athanasius, O.S.B., was born at London, in 1805, and was educated at Ampleforth College, where he was professed June 2, 1821. He was distinguished in youth for his love of historical studies. It was during the time that he was teaching at Ampleforth that his predilection for historical research brought him into close relationship with Dr. Lingard, the historian.
Dr. Lingard^s History of England was given to the world during the years 1819-25, and the learned historian availed himself considerably of the services of Fr. Allanson, whose leisure for study and opportunity for research made him a valued friend.
He was ordained priest in 1828, and shortly after left Ampleforth for the mission at Swinburne, in Northumber- land.
Here he resided without interruption for forty-seven years.
In 1854 he was made a member of the General Chapter, the legislative body of the Benedictine Order, and four years later he was elected Provincial of York, an office which he retained until his death, having been re-elected four times. He was made Cathedral Prior of Norwich in 1862, and Abbot of Glastonbury in 1874.
He died at Swinburne, Jan. 13, 1876, aged 71.
The Tablet, Jan. 22, 1876 ; Snoiv, Bened, Necrology.
14 lilBLIOGRAl'IIICAL DICTIONARY
I. He left, in MS., an historical work containing a great amount of unique and valuable information respecting the Catholic Church in England since the Reformation,
Allen, John, priest, was executed at Tyburn, in the com- mencement of the year 1538, for refusing to subscribe to the ecclesiastical supremacy of Henry VIII.
Stotu, Chronicles; Cat h. Mag. 1832.
Allen, "William, Cardinal, was born in i 532, at Rossall, in Lancashire, the year in which Henry VIII. secretly married Anne Boleyn, Queen Catharine being alive^ and no sentence of divorce pronounced. It was in this same year that Archbishop Warham died, and Cranmer was nominated by the king as his successor in the See of Canterbury. William Allen was the third son of John Allen, of Rossall, in Lancashire, a Grange belong- ing to the Abbey of Dieulacres, in Leicestershire, which is said to have been originally leased to his ancestors by one Ralph AUenj some time abbot of that monastery. His mother was Jane, daughter of Thomas Lister, of Arnold Biggin, Westby, in Yorkshire, ancestor of the Lords Ribblesdale, a woman of great virtue, and very highly connected.
In 1547, the year in which Henry VIII. died, William Allen went up to Oriel College, Oxford. He became Bachelor of Arts in 1550, and in the same year was unanimously elected Fellow of his college. His tutor at Oxford was the Rev. Morgan Philipps, a man famed for his skill in disputation and his attachment to the Catholic faith, who afterwards co- operated with his friend and former pupil in the establishment of the Seminary at Douay.
At Queen Mary's accession Allen resolved to dedicate himself to the ecclesiastical state ; and, after seven years spent in literary and philosophical studies, took the degree of Master of Arts, July 16, 1554. In 1556 he was chosen Principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, and in that year, as well as in the following one, filled the office of Proctor in the university.
In the last year of the reign of Queen Mary he was made Canon of York, but the abolition of the Catholic religion in England by her successor, Queen Elizabeth, changed the tenor of his fortunes, and Allen was one of the first who forsook his preferments. Though he resigned the office of Principal of
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS.
15
St. Mary's Hall, it was still possible for him to continue to reside at Oxford, where conformity with the new religion was at first sparingly enforced. But the zeal which he showed for the Catholic faith in winning back the fallen, and in encouraging to perseverance those who were steadfast, gave such offence to the civil authorities, that he was soon obliged to leave England for the Continent. He crossed over to Flanders in 1561, and took up his abode at the university of Louvain, where he found many of his countrymen who had preceded him. Here he continued his theological studies, and at the same time com- posed the first draft of a treatise on Purgatory, in English, which he published some years later. He also acted as tutor to a young English gentleman, Christopher Blount, who became well known in after years at the Court of Queen Elizabeth, and died in 1600, on the scaffold, for his share in the conspiracy of the Earl of Essex, About this time Allen's health suffered so severely from his attendance on his pupil during a dangerous illness, that he was advised to revisit his native county of Lancaster as the only hope of saving his life. He spent three years in England, from 1562 to 1565, and though he had not yet received priest's orders, devoted himself, as soon as his health permitted it, to the work of fortifying in the faith all whom he could influence, and especially of urging upon them the duty of abstaining from all communication with heretics in the Protestant worship by law established. The success which attended his labours was so great in Lancashire, that he was compelled before long to provide for his safety by leaving for a distant county. His new place of abode was not far from Oxford, and the neighbourhood of the university, where he had many friends, opened to him a fresh field for his zeal. He also employed his time in writing two controversial treatises in English on the Priesthood and on Indulgences, which he after- wards published at Louvain. But he was once more obliged to seek a new place of refuge, and this time he found shelter in the county of Norfolk, in the family of the Duke of Norfolk, who, though himself a Protestant, gave protection to several learned Catholics.
Allen continued his labours for souls in the Duke's house and the neighbourhood, and succeeded in bringing back some wanderers to the Church. It was while living here that he wrote the short tract concerning the Notes of the Catholic Faith. But
l6 BIBLlOGRAnilCAL DICTIONARY
the vigour with which it was written, and the wide circulation it obtained, stirred up such hostihty against him, that he was advised to leave England.
He therefore retired once more to the Low Countries in 1565, and after being ordained priest at Malines, where he had previously received all the other Orders, occupied himself with teaching theology, in a convent of the same city. After spend- ing two years in Flanders, Allen set out in the autumn of i 567 on a pilgrimage to Rome in the company of his old master, Morgan Philipps, and Dr. Vendeville, at that time Regius Pro- fessor of Canon Law^ in the university of Douay, and afterwards bishop of Tournay.
Dr. Vendeville's object was to lay before the Pope a project for the conversion of the infidels, or, according to another account, for the relief of slaves out of Barbary. He w'as un- successful, for the Pope was too much occupied with other more weighty matters, and in the spring he returned with Allen to Belgium in a somewhat despondent frame of mind, and on the journey disclosed by degrees to his companion the subject of his grief. Allen at once seized the opportunity of giving Dr. Vende- ville's zeal a new direction. He pointed out to him the great needs of the Catholics in the Netherlands and England, and showed him how much easier, and at the same time more useful, it would be to succour them. He spoke more particularly of the danger which threatened the Church in England, through the dying out of the ancient priests, and suggested as a remedy for the evil the foundation of a college for English students abroad. His aim was — first, to enable English students abroad to have the benefit of collegiate training ; secondly, to form a body of learned priests capable of restoring the Catholic religion in England whenever circumstances should permit ; thirdly, to instruct in their religion English youths who might come for their education to the college. The missionary work in England was an after-thought. It seemed hopeless to train priests for the English mission while the power was in the hands of heretics. But man proposes, and God disposes. Allen's plans, set forth with that persuasive eloquence of which he was a master, made a deep impression on Dr. Vendeville, who thenceforward left nothing undone to procure their realization. The newly founded university in which Dr. Vendeville was professor seemed in every way a suitable place for the establishment of a college
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. IJ
or house of studies. It was situated at Douay, an ancient and fortified town in the province of Artois, and in the midst of a people which throughout the reh"gious troubles of the Nether- lands never wavered in their firm attachment to the Catholic faith. Allen, therefore, proceeded to Douay, and forthwith began to put into execution the plan which he had formed for the establishment of a college or house of studies in the uni- versity. On Michaelmas-day, 1568, with the approbation of Dr. Matthew Galen, Chancellor of the University, he took possession of a large house which he had hired near the theological schools, and began to live there in collegiate form with a few students, English and Belgian, whom he had invited to join him in his undertaking. The new foundation had no revenues except the alms wdiich Dr. Vendeville obtained for it from the abbots of St. Vaast, of Arras, Anchin and Marchiennes, and the charitable contributions of some other benefactors. The names of those who began the work with Allen on Michaelmas-day, 1568, are worthy of record. The first was Richard Bristow, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, who was the first of the students ordained priest, and who was prefect of studies from that time until his death. The next was John Marshall, Fellow of New College, Oxford, and Bachelor of Canon and Civil Law in that university. The third was Edward Risden, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford ; the fourth, John White, afterwards D.D. ; and the other two were Belgians, who did not remain long on account of the poverty of the living. Others soon joined them, mostly Oxford men, and it must not be forgotten that Morgan Philipps, Allen's old tutor at Oxford, came to reside in the college from its commencement, and besides contributing to its support while he lived, left it his whole property at his death.
The cares attendant on the establishment and direction of the college did not hinder Allen from prosecuting his theological studies. He proceeded B.D. in i 5 70, and in the following year was created D.D. In the former year he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity in the university of Douay, with a stipend of 200 gold crowns. The numbers of the college increased so rapidly as its fame spread abroad, that Allen was at length obliged to have recourse to Gregory XIII. for help to support so great an undertaking; and accordingly, in April, 1575, the Pope granted to the seminary a monthly pension of lOO gold VOL. I. C
I 8 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
crowns. In the following December, Allen set out on his second journey to Rome, after having entrusted the students to the care of Dr. Bristow during his absence. He had been summoned thither by Gregory XIII. to give his advice on the subject of a seminary for the English which the Pope proposed to found in Rome.
The outlines of the plan were agreed upon during Allen's stay in Rome, and it was settled in conjunction with Dr. Owen Lewis that the students for the new foundation should be sent from Douay as soon as the college was ready to receive them. About this time the Pope conferred upon Allen a canonry in the rich church of Our Lady at Cambray, one day's journey from Douay. Allen returned to Douay in July, i 5/6, after an absence of eight months, and four months later the number of students in the college was 120. The revolutionary spirit which had been agitating the Low Countries for several years past, and the popular excitement against the English living in Douay, stirred up by secret agents of Queen Elizabeth and the Prince of Orange, brought about the expulsion of the English from Douay, and the removal of the college to Rheims. A rumour had been spread, emanating from various reliable sources in England, that assassins had been sent over to Douay to make away with some of the principal members of the seminary, which received such apparent confirmation from the appearance in the neighbourhood of certain Englishmen of sinister aspect, Avell mounted, and to all appearance the kind of men suited for the execution of such a crime, that it was considered unsafe for Allen to remain at Douay ; and his friends obliged him to go away, which he did for a while, taking the opportunity to prepare for the removal of the college to Rheims. In March, 1578, the English were expelled from Douay, and the college was transferred to Rheims.
Some internal dissensions breaking out at the English College, Rome, Dr. Allen was again summoned to Rome in order to pacify the two parties, and accordingly set out from Rheims on Aug. 27, 1579. At Rome he was received with great honour and kindness by his Holiness. Having accomplished his object, he returned to Rheims in the following spring. In July, 1585, he w^as attacked by a strangury, caused probably by calculus, and in seven days was reduced to such a state that his life was despaired of As a last chance he was advised to
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 1 9
try the waters of Spa, which were supposed to be good for iiis complaint. He set out thither on Aug. 3, and in a few weeks' time was restored to his former health.
He was destined, however, never to return to his college at Rheims, for he was summoned by the Pope to Rome, with the intention, as it ultimately proved, to promote him, and he arrived there on Nov. 4, of the same year.
He remained in Rome much longer than was expected, and on Aug. 7, 1587, was created by Sixtus V. a Cardinal Priest with the title of St. Martinus in Montibus. He spent the remainder of his life in Rome, where he was often called upon by the Pope, and his opinion very much valued in all matters regarding learning and discipline. In 1589, Philip H. nominated Allen to the archbishopric of Malines, though he did not take possession of the See, and various other benefices were conferred upon him in order to support his dignity.
The zeal for God's glory and his neighbour's good, which had been till then the moving spirit of Allen's life, shone forth in him no less conspicuous!}'- after his elevation to the cardinalate. He was never absent from the consistory, to which in those days the cardinals were summoned every week by the Sovereign Pontiff to consult with him on the govern- ment of the Church, nor was he among those who arrived the last. In giving his opinion he always spoke with such modera- tion that he offended no one, and yet with such freedom that his conscience never reproached him afterwards. He was also very diligent in his attendance at the two particular congrega- tions of which he had been appointed a member — those, namely, of the Index and the affairs of Germany. At the death of Cardinal Antonio Carafa, Gregory XIV. made him Apostolic Librarian. The same Pontiff charged him, in conjunction with Cardinal Marc' Antonio Colonna and several consultors, to revise the edition of the Vulgate which Sixtus V. had pub- lished just before his death.
Allen also undertook, with the co-operation of others, to correct the text of St. Augustin's works, but death prevented him from completing so vast an undertaking. IMoreover, he took part in the election of four successive Popes — Urban VII., Gregory XIV, Innocent IX., and Clement VIII. The occasional return of the same illness, which had brought Allen to death's door in 1585, warned him some time before he died
C 2
20 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
that his end was drawing near. He often spoke of it to his intimate friends^ and it was evident that he looked forward with joy to his speedy departure from this world to his true country. His death took place, at his palace at Rome, in the morning after sunrise on the sixteenth day of his illness, Oct. 1 6, 1594.
His body rested, as was fitting, in the midst of the students whom he loved, in the church of the Most Holy Trinity attached to the English College at Rome.
He is described, by Pitts, as somewhat above the ordinary stature, comely of countenance, composed in his gait, affable on all occasions ; and,- for the gifts of his mind, pious, learned, prudent, grave, and though of great authority, humble, modest, meek, patient, peaceable ; in a word, beautiful and adorned with all kinds of virtues.
Douay Diaries • Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Pitts, De Anglicu Scrip- toribiis.
1. Certain Brief Reasons concerning the Catholick Faith. Douay, 1564.
Written while he was living in the Duke of Norfolk's family, and after- wards enlarged and published at Douay.
2. A Defense and Declaration of the Catholike Churches Doctrine tonching Purgatory and Prayers for the Soules Departed. By Williani Allen, Maister of Arte and Student in Divinitie. Antverpia;, 1565, 8vo.
The preface is dated at Antwerp, May 2, 1565. The substance of this work he had composed three years before, while studying theology at Louvain. This book attracted so much notice, that in a writ issued by the Oueen, Feb. 21, 1567, to the High Sheriff of Lancashire, for the apprehension of "certain persons who, having been late ministers in the Church, were justly deprived of their offices of ministry for their contempt and obstinacy," Allen heads the list under the designation of "Alen, who- Avrote the late booke of Purgatory."
3. A Treatise made in Defense of the Lawful Power and Authoritie of Preesthode to remitte sinnes : Of the People's duetie for confessienn of their sinnes to Godes ministers : And of the Chiu'ches meaninge concerning Indulgences, comm.onlie called the Pope's pardons. By William Allen, Mr. of Arte and Student in Divinitie ; Lovanie, apud Joannem Foulerum, a.d. 1567. Sm. 4to. Title, i leaf; to the reader, i leaf; errata, &c., i leaf. Preface, 6 leaves, pp. 412, contents, 4 leaves.
This was written while he was in England, between 1562-65, and elicited from William Fulke, D.D., "A confutation of a treatise made by William Allen, in Defence of the usurped Power of Popish Priesthood." Camb..
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2 I
l6mo. ; and also, "Two treatises written against the Papistes, the one being an answcre of the Christian Protestant to the proud challenge of a Popish Catholicke." 1577. Svo.
4. Opus Aureum De Sacramentis in genere, Libri III. : I. De Sacramento Eueharistioe. III. De Saerificio Eucharistise ex vivse vocis diligenti et accui-ata tractatione (apud Thorn. Stapletono). Antvcrpijj, 1576, 4to. ; Duaci, 1603, 4to.
A work highly esteemed and made use of by Bcllarmin.
5. An Apologic and true Declaration of the institution and endeavours of the two English Colleges ; the one in Rome, the other now resident in Rhemes, against certaine sinister informations given up against the same. Mounts in Renault. 1581. Svo. 122 leaves; running title, "An Apology for the English Semi- naries." Bolton, in his Hypercritica, says it is a "princely, grave, and flourishing piece of natural and exquisite English."
6. Piissima Admonitio, et consolatio vere Pia ad Afflictos Catholicos in Anglia. A Latin rendering of the 7th chapter of the preceding Apology, " An admonition and comfort to the afflicted Catholics."
The two latter works were published together under the following title : —
7. Duo Edicta Elizabethas Reginse Anglise contra Sacerdotes Soc. Jesu, et alumnos sem.inariorum, quse a quibus non solum illi ut perduelles proscribuntur, sad Angli omnes, qui in iisdem CoUegiis vivunt revocantur; una cum Apologia doctissimi viri D. Gul. Alani pro iisdem sacerdotibus S. J., et aliis seminariorum alumnis ; in qua explicantur causae institutionis prgedictorum seminariorum, et cur sacerdotes Catholici in Angliam mittantur. Additur ejusdem Gul. Alani piisima Admonitio et Consolatio vere Christiana ad afflictos Catholicos Anglise. Aug. Trevir, 1583. Sm. Svo.
8. Apologia Martyrum, qua ipsorum innocentia variis ratio- nibus demons tratUT ; eosque solius religionis Catholicse causa, quam susceperant propagandam et propagnandam, crudissime enecatos fuisse. 1583.
This was printed in the " Concertatio Ecclesiai Catholicee," compiled by Fr. John Gibbons and John Fenn, generally called " Bridgewater's Con- certatio," Treves, Hatot, 15S3. 410.
This and other attacks on the administration of justice in England induced Burleigh to draw up, from Norton's notes, " A Declaration of the favourable dealing of Her Majesty's Commissioners appointed for the examination of cer- tain traitors, and of tortures unjustly reported to be done upon them for matters of religion." 4to. Four leaves. 1583 ; reprinted in Somers' Tracts, i. 209.
9. Martyrium R, P. Edmundi Campiani Presbyteri e Societate nominis Jesu. Printed in Bridgewater's " Concertatio Eccles. Cathol. in Anglia." 15S3-1594. Translated into Spanish, Italian, &c.
10. A True, Sincere, and modest Defence of English Catho- liques that suffer for their faith both at home and abrode, against a false, seditious, and slanderous libel, intitled The Execution of Justice in England. Ingolst. 1584. Svo. ; pp. 218, besides preface, contents, and errata ; running title, An Answer to the Libel of English Justice.
2 2 BICLIOGRAPIIICAL DICTIONARY
This was in answer to W. Cecil Lord Burleigh's " Execution of Justice in England, not for Religion, but for Treason." Dec. 17, 1583.
Strype (Ann. II., ii. 305) says that to this J. Stubbs, the same who had his right hand cut off for writing against the Queen's marriage with Anjou, wrote an answer, entitled "Vindication of the English Justice," 1587. Ikirleigh had his tract translated into Latin, and published in London and (Germany : " De Justitia Britannica, qua; conservandai pacis publicae causa in Papicolas excrcebatur tempore Elizabetht^." Lond. 1584, i2mo. ; Ingolstad, 1584, i2mo.
Allen also translated his reply with the title^De Justitia Britannica sive Anglica, quae contra Christi Martyres continenter exercitur. Ingolstadii, ex Officina Typographica Davidis Sartorii, 1584, i2mo ; and Ad persecutores Anglos pro Catholicis domi foeisque persecu- tionem sufFerentibus, contra fulsum libellum inscriptum Jus- titia Britannia, vera responsio. 8vo, s.l. aut an., which was also printed in Bridgewaters " Concertatio Eccles. Cathol.," Aug. Trevir, 1589 and 1594. Simpson, in his "Life of Campion,'' alludes to a copy, Brussels ]\ISS., No. 15,594, Justitise Britannicse, de sacerdotibus morte plectendis, confutatio, 1583.
Allen's reply was attacked by Dr. Thos. Bilson, " Of the true difference between Christian Subjection and unchristian Rebellion ; wherein the Prince's lawful power to command and bear the sword are (szc) defended against the Pope's censure and Jesuits' sophisms in their apology and defence of English Catholics ; also a demonstration that the things reformed in the Church of England by the laws of this realm are truly Catholic ; against the late Rhemish Testament." Oxford, 1585, 4to ; Lond. 1586, large 8vo.
It is noted by Paquot, that this book was used by the Puritans to justify their execution of Charles I.
II. The Copie of a Letter written by M. Doctor Allen, con- cerning the Yeelding xip of the Citie of Daventrie, unto his Catholike Majestie, by Sir William Stanley, Knight; wherein is shewed both how lawful, honorable, and necessarie that action was ; and also that al others, especiallie those of the English Nation, that detayne anie townes, or other places in the lowe countries from the King Catholike, are bound, upon paine of damnation, to do the like. Before which is also prefixed a gentleman's letter, that gave occasion of this dis- course. Antuarpe, Joachim Trognsesius, 1587. 8vo.
The letter is dated Rome, April 23, 1 587. The gentleman's letter is signed R. A., z.e., Roger Ashton.
It was translated into French — Justification poiu' le Catholique, Noble, Chevalier Anglois, le Sieur Guillaume Stanlay, et autres iionorables Capitaines, et Gentils-hommes Anglois de son regi- ment, siu' la rendition de la ville de Deventer, et autres lieux, a I'obeysance de sa Majeste Catholique, qui ont este detenuz par la Reyne d'Angleterre, pour support des Heretiques de HoUande, et Zelande. Paris, 1588. 8\o.
A Latin edition was printed at Cracow, 1588, 8vo. The English edition
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 23
has been reprinted, with a learned introduction and copious notes, by Thomas Hcywood, Esq., F.S.A., vol. xxv., Chctham Society, 1851. 4to.
Fr. Persons was charged by the appellant clergy with having a hand in this letter, and he does not deny the charge in his reply : "A manifestation of the great folly and bad spirit of certaync in England, calling themselves secular priests," s.l., 1602.
It elicited " A briefe Discoverie of Doctor Allen's Seditious Drifts, contrived in a Pamphlet written by him concerning the yeelding up of the town of Devcnter unto the King of Spain, by Sir W. Stanley, etc." By G. D. Lond. 1588. 4to.
12. An Admonition to the Nobility and Peoplo of England and Ireland, concerning the present Warres made for the Execution of his Holines Sentence, by the highe and mightie Kinge Uatholicke of Spaine, by the Cardinal of Englande, 1588. 8vo.; pp. 60, inclusive of title.
This work was printed at Antwerp, with the intention to be distributed in England at the moment of the Spanish invasion ; but the invasion not taking place, care was taken to burn almost all the copies. Hence the book is extremely scarce. After a short preface, it undertakes to show (i) of whom and in what manner Elizabeth is descended ; (2) How intruded into the royal dignity ; (3) How she has behaved at home and abroad ; (4) I5y what laws of God and man her punishment is pursued ; (5) How just, honest, and necessary causes all true Englishmen have to embrace and set forward the same.
Lingard (Hist, of Eng., 1849, vol. vi. p. 706) in a lengthy note on this work, says that " The author of this most oftensive publication seems to have studied the works, and to have acquired the style, of the exiles who, formerly, at Geneva, published libels against Queen Mary, the predecessor of Eliza- beth. Who that author was, soon became a subject of discussion. The lanscuage and the manner are certainly not like those of Allen in his acknow- ledged works ; and the appellant priests boldly asserted that the book was 'penned' altogether by the advice of F. Persons. Persons himself, in his answer, though he twice notices the charge, seems, by his evasions, to acknowledge its truth (Manifestation, 35, 47). But whoever was the real author, the cardinal, by subscribing his name, adopted the tract for his own, and thus became answerable for its contents."
The substance of " the Admonition " was compressed into a smaller com- pass, under the title of A declaration of the sentence and deposition of Elizabeth, the usurper and pretended Queene of England, and was printed separately for distribution on a broadside in 8r lines. But the copies of this were also destroyed on the failure of the armada ; one copy, perhaps the only one now in existence, was formerly in the possession of tlie late Mr. H. G. Bohn, the publisher.
It was again reprinted, apparently by one of the appellant clergy, under the following title —
13. The Declaration of Sixtus Quintus his Bull; a new chal- lenge made to N. D. Lond. i6oo, pp. 107.
14. De Sanctis et Imaginibus.
15. De Prsedestinatione.
24 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1 6. Resolution of Cases, for the use of Missions, by Cardinal Allen and Robert Parsons. MS.
17. Instructions to Dr. John VGndevillo, Bishop of Tournay, concerning the Government of Seminaries. MS.
iS. He was also concerned in the Rheims edition of the Testament, 1582, and with Dr. Bristow wrote the principal commentaries ; also Old Testament, 1609, etc. 4to.
19. Hicolai Fitzherberti De antiquitate, et continuatione, Catholics Religionis in Anglia, et De Alani Cardinalis vita, libsllus. Rome, 160S.
The Cardinal's life is reprinted in his "Letters and Memorials,'' 1882.
20. The Letters and Memorials of William, Cardinal Allen (1532-1594). Edited by Fathers of the Congregation of the London Oratory. With an Historical Introduction by Thomas Francis Knox, D.D., Priest of the same Congregation. Lond. 4to. 1882; being vol. ii. "Records of the English Catholics under the Penal Laws," pp. cxxii. and 480.
21. Portrait in the "Acad, des Sciences," 1682 ; engr. by E. de Boulo- nois. 4to.
Another, taken from the original painting, formerly in the possession of Charles Brown Mostyn, Esq., and now at Ushaw College, was published in Baines' " Hist, of Lane," 410., and has been several times reproduced.
A poor engraving from the sanie picture was published in the Laity's Directory, 1807, with a memoir.
An original portrait, taken at a later period to the preceding one, is in the English College, Rome. Granger, Biog. Hist., records a small engraving of a bust taken from the Oxford Almanack for 1746, where it is placed under the head of Edw. II. It is probably authentic, as it is engraved by Vertue.
Allibone, Sir Hichard, judge, belonged to an ancient family, originally seated at Wardenton, near Banbury, Oxford- shire. His grandfather, Peter Allibone, an eminent Protestant divine, was born at Wardenton, and was Rector of Cheyneys, CO. Bucks, where he died March 6, 1629. He left three sons. John, D.D., an ingenious writer and a good Latin poet, had a benefice in Gloucestershire, and died in 1658 ; Peter, the second son, was Proctor in the Universit}-, Oxford, in 1640 ; and the third son. Job, became a Catholic, and in consequence was disinherited, but afterwards obtained an important place in the Post-office, which afforded him a comfortable subsistence, and enabled him to provide his children with a liberal education. Job Allibone died in 1672, and was buried at Dagenham in Essex. He was the father of Richard, who was entered a student at Douay College, March 24, 1652, aged 16. After his academical education he returned to England and comm.enced
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 25
his legal course at Gray's Inn, April 27, 1663. Though called to the Bar, Feb. i i, 1670, no mention is made of him till Nov. 1686 (which his religion will account for), when his proficiency and learning induced James II, to select him to be one of his counsel. On April 28, 16S7, he was appointed a judge of the King's Bench, and about the same time received the honour of knighthood.
In the summer of that year he went to tiic Northern Circuit, and Bishop Cartwright relates that at Lancaster, while his colleague, Judge Powell, attended at the parish church, Allibone courageously went to the school-house, and had mass said. In his charge to the grand jury he took notice that only three of the gentry came out to meet the judges, and called it a great disrespect of the king's commission — a fact strongly indicative of the intolerance of Protestants. Sir Richard was one of the judges at the trial of the seven bishops in Trinity Term, 1688. His death shortly afterwards, Aug. 22, 1688, at his house in Brownlow Street, probably saved him from attainder at the Revolution.
He was buried at Dagenham, where a handsome monument was erected to his memory. His wife, Barbara Blakiston, of the family of Sir Francis Blakiston, of Gibside, co. Durham, Bart., survived him. He had a brother, Job Allibone, who be- came a student in the English College, Douay, Dec. 30, 1652, aged 14, where he took the name of John Ford, afterwards received Orders, and lived several years a missioner in England, dying soon after, 1709.
Foss, Judges of England ; Dodd, Ch. Hist., vol. iii. p. 458.
Allison, "Williain, priest, one of the victims of the ini- quitous plots of 1679-80, died a prisoner in York Castle about this time.
CJialloner s Menioirs,
Allot, William, divine, received his education at the University of Cambridge, but in what college is not recorded, and it does not appear that he graduated. When Queen Elizabeth came to the throne he went over to Louvain, where he pursued his theological studies for some years, and was ordained priest. After a short residence in Cologne, he
26 BIBLIOGRArillCAL DICTIOXARV
returned to England. He was much esteemed by Mary Queen of Scots, whom he frequently visited in her confinement.
After some years spent on the mission, he was imprisoned, and banished with several other priests. The Queen of Scots, in return for his services, sent him a letter of recommendation to France, and at her request he was made a canon of St. Ouinton, in Picardy. The fatigues of the mission, and too great application to study, having impaired his health, his physicians advised him to take a journey to Spa, where he died of the dropsy about 1590.
During his abode in the Low Countries, he became ac- quainted with Lord Morley, and his brother Charles Parker, bishop-elect, who had retired to the Continent on the death of Queen Mary.
They were particular benefactors to j\Ir. Allot during his studies, as they were to many others similarly engaged.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Cooper, A th. Cantab.
1. Thesaurus bibliorum, omnium utriusque vitss antidotum, secundum utriusque Instrumenti veritatem et historiam sue- cinctse oomplectens. Antwerp, 1577, 8vo.; Lugd., 1580, 8vo. ; Antverpia;, 1581, 8vo. ; Lugd. 1585, 8vo. pp. 996 ; Coloniae, 1612.
Ded. to Lord Morley.
2. Index Rerum Memorabilium in Epistolis et Evangiliis per anni Cvirriculum.
Printed with the preceding work.
Almond, John, priest, of the Order of Cistercians, who is described by Fr. Grene, in his MS. (Records S.J., vol. iii. p. 247) as of Cheshire, was tried for being a priest, at York Castle, and from thence was imprisoned in Hull Castle, removed to the Block-house there, and again brought back to Hull Castle, where, though blind and afflicted with the infirmities of extreme age, he was treated with the greatest cruelty, until death re- lieved him from his troubles, April 18, 1585. He was buried at Drypole.
Morris, Troubles, Third Series.
Almond, John, priest and martyr, was born in Speke, near Liverpool, and made his early studies at a school at Much Woolton.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 2 7
Bro, Foley thinks he was not the Almond at Douay referred to by Dr. Challoner in his " Memoirs," but was admitted into the English College, Rome, in 1597, aged 20, where he was ordained in the following year.
In 1 601 he publicly sustained tJicscs of universal divinity with great applause, and, in Sept. of the following year, left Rome for England, and seems to have laboured in London, or the district, under the name of Francis Molincux or Lathom.
He was apprehended on March 22, 161 1 — 12, and brought before Dr. John King, lately advanced to the bishopric of London, who is supposed to have been the principal promoter of Mr. Almond's death, but is said to have ever after deeply regretted it ; indeed, it is confidently asserted by contemporary Catholic writers that he himself became a member of the Church he had so cruelly persecuted. \\\ the preface of a book published in Dr. King's name, entitled " The Bishop of London's Legacy," allusion is made to the part he took in the death of Fr. Almond, in terms which certainly would imply that the bishop had re- ceived a grace seldom granted to persecutors and had changed his religious opinions.
Fr. Almond suffered at Tyburn, Dec. 5, 1612, aged 35, according to the " Roman Diary," but ten years older according to Dr. Challoner.
His family at Speke suffered frequent fines for their re- cusancy.
Challoner, Manors ; Foley, Records S.J. ; Gilloiv, Lancashire Recusants, MSS.
I. He wrote an account of his examination before Dr. King, which is quoted by Dr. Challoner.
Almond, Oliver, priest, a native of the diocese of Oxford, was admitted into the English College, Rome, in April, 1582, at the age of 21. He received Holy Orders in Aug. 1587, and was sent to the new college founded by Fr. Parsons at Valladolid, in Spain, in order to cross over from thence into England. In a report by Robert Weston, a Government spy (Dom. Eliz., vol. 238, n. 62, April 20, 1591, P.R.O.), there is the following interesting reference to him : — " Item, Olivar Almon is a prest, and did leye at Mr. Wynchcombe in Bark- ^ shere, near Newberry, the name is Henwicke. Yf hee be not
2 8 BIBLIOGRAFIIICAL DICTIONARY
in the hoose, there is a grat (tree) wherein hee is hyden ; hee is a letle man," &c. A previous part of the same report says — "As you go forth of Mr. Wynchcombe's house towards Newberry, in the first close withoute the gate, upon the lefte hand in the heg-row, there is a grat oake that is hollow, and be knocking upon it you shall fynd it to sounde."
In a list of Jesuits, Seminarists, and Priests sent to Lord Burleigh (Dom. Eliz., vol. 32, n. 64, P.R.O.), dated Jan. 20, 1593, Mr. Oliver Almondc is referred to as being in the south parts.
Bro. Foley thinks it probable that he vras brother to the martyr John Almond, but the latter belonged to a yeomanry family settled at Speke, in Lancashire, in which Oliver was not a family name. The Diary of the English College, Rome, states that he belonged to the diocese of Oxford. The date of his death is not recorded. He was probably the author of the under-mentioned work.
Foley, Roman Diary, Records SJ.
I . The Uncasing of Heresie, cr the Anatomie of Protestancie. "Written and Composed by O. A. (Louvain T) 1623. 8vo.
Amherst, Francis Kerril, D.D., Bishop of Northampton, was born in London, March 21, 1819, and was the eldest son of William Kerril Amherst, of Parndon, co. Essex, Esq., by Mary Louisa, daughter of Fris. Fortescue Turville, of Bosworth Hall, CO. Leicester, Esq. He was sent to Oscott College in 1830, where he remained eight years, and then left, with no intention of embracing the ecclesiastical state. He returned to Oscott in i84i,andwas ordained priest June 6, 1846, by Cardinal (then Bishop) Wiseman. Shortly afterwards he joined the Third Order of St. Dominic, but again returned to Oscott, as Professor, in 1855. After staying eleven months, he was appointed to the mission of Stafford, whence he was raised to the See of Northampton, on the resignation of Bishop Wareing, and was consecrated July 4, 1858. He was appointed Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, June 8, 1862.
He resigned his See in 1879, owing to ill-health, and was translated to Sozusa, 1880, and died Aug. 21, 1883, at his residence, Fieldgate, Kenilworth, co. Warwick.
Brady, Episcop. Succession.
\
OF THE EXtlLLSII CATHOLICS. ^9
r. Norton Broadland, a Stniy.
2. Lenton Thoagnts, drawn from tho Gospol for each day of Lent. Lond, 1873, i2mo. ; which went through several editions, the fourth thousand, Lond. 1880, 8vo., pp. 191.
3. Some Sonnets, printed for private circulation,
4. Pastorals, issued annually.
Anderson, Lionel Albert, O.P., alias Munson, was the son of a Lincolnshire gentleman of good estate, and was born about 1620. He was educated a Protestant, but becom- ing a convert, went over to Paris and received the Dominican habit in the spring of 1658. He was professed at Eornhem, June 5, of the following year, and having been ordained priest returned to England about 1665. He resided for the most part in London, under the assumed name of Munson, and was much esteemed at Court, being personally known by Charles II,
When Oates broached his Popish plot, he accused Fr. Anderson of being a Dominican conspirator. He was appre- hended and imprisoned in the King's Bench. He was indicted for being a priest contrary to the statute, and was tried and condemned to death at the Old Bailey, Jan. 17, 1679-80, by Scroggs, the notorious judge. The king, however, granted him a pardon, and after a year's imprisonment in Newgate he was exiled for life.
He then set out on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and after his return came over to England, and received a free pardon frorn Jarnes II., April 6, 1686.
At the Revolution in 16S8, he fled with his royal master to the Continent, where he remained for some years. Some time before 1698 he again ventured into England, and took up his residence in London, where he died, Oct. 21, 17 10, at the patriarchal age of 91, and religious profession 52, He was buried in the churchyard of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections ; Palmer, Obituary Notices, O.P.
1. A Treatise on the Temporal Power of the Pope.
2. A. Treatise in Defence of the Oatli of Allegiance. Dodd says that this work gave offence to his own brethren,
Anderson, "William, priest, martyr ; vide Richardson.
30 BIBLlOGRArmCAL DICTIONARY
Anderton, Christopher, Esq., of Lostock and Ander- ton, CO. Lancaster, was born in 1607, ^^d \vas educated at Douay College, which he left with his tutor, John Roscowe, in 1623.
On the breaking out of the Civil contest, he was one of the Catholic gentlemen of Lancashire who petitioned King Charles to be allowed to take up arms in the royal service, and it seems pretty certain that he was the daring cavalier who headed the gallant but fruitless attack on Bolton in 1643. Like many of his comrades in this disastrous war, Capt. Anderton came to an untimely death a few years after this exploit. He was employed by the Earl of Derby to defend Greenhalgh Castle, near Garstang ; and after a stout resistance, during the whole of the winter of 1645, he was slain with Capt. John Hothersall, another Catholic gentleman.
He was twice married ; first to Agnes, daughter of John Preston, of the ]\Ianor, Furness, and his wife Elizabeth Holland, of Denton, co. Lancaster; and secondly, to Alathea, daughter of Sir Francis Smythe, of Wooten Wavven, co. Warwick. By the former he had an only daughter, and by the latter a large family, of whom Francis was created a baronet in 1677, and married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Sir Charles Somerset, K.B., second son of Edward Earl of Worcester. The family is now represented by the Stonors of Anderton Hall, and the Tempests of Broughton.
Gibson, Lydiate Hall ; Castlanahi, Cath. Apology.
Anderton, Dorothy, was the fifth daughter of Christopher Anderton, Esq., of Lostock Hall, Lancashire, by his second wife, Alathea, daughter of Sir Francis Smythe, of Wooten Wawen, co. Warwick, Knt, and sister to the first Lord Car- rington.
Her father, when a young man, fell away from the Church for a while, over a lawsuit, but soon returned to the faith. He was convicted and fined for recusancy in 1C38, and was killed at the siege of Greenhalgh Castle in 1645. Both he and his wife suffered very much for their conscience in the time of the Parliament, having their goods plundered and their lands sequestrated, insomuch that Mrs. Anderton, who resided at Clitherow, after her husband's death, had scarcely enough to
u
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 3 I
maintain herself and her children, of whom she had fourteen. Besides this, she had a far greater cross when three of her children, one son and two daughters, were taken from her, in order to make them Protestants, and taken to a place where they were most cruell}' used, although more was taken from their parents' estate than was left to maintain all the rest. They were kept bare-legged in sackcloth, and their food was flour and water sodden together ; if sometimes a bone was cast them from their keeper's table, it had scarce any meat upon it. Besides this, they were beaten with whips, with crooked pins in them ; and once Alathea, who was afterwards professed a nun at Louvain, was hit in the eyes, and rendered almost blind. The younger sister, Dorothy, was daily made to fetch water in a sort of pail for the family's use (the weight being far too heavy for one of her tender age), so that with such hard usage she contracted the disease of which she died in 1653. Their mother eventually succeeded in obtaining their removal, after suffering this hard life above two years, and got them placed with some of their Protestant tenants, and three years later found means to get them home. Lord Carrington then sent them to Louvain, where Alathea took the habit and the relisfious name of Magdalen in 1656; and Dorothy died of the disease con- tracted during her detention, as related above.
J\Irs. Alathea Anderton and two of her sons, Christopher and Stephen, were still living at Clitheroe in 1667, when their names appear in the Recusant Rolls, with heavy fines attached, as in previous years.
Foley, Records SJ., vol. iii. ; Gilloio, Lancashire Recusants, MSS.
Anderton, James, Esq., of Lostock Hall, Lancashire, born in 155 7, was the eldest son and heir of Christopher Anderton, Esq., of Lostock, by Dorothy, daughter of Peter Anderton, of Anderton, Esq., and succeeded his father to extensive estates in many townships in Lancashire. He mar- ried, in 1582, Margaret, daughter of Edward Tyldesley, of Tyldesley and ]\Iorleys, Esq., but had no issue. He followed his father's profession of the law, and succeeded him, some time before his death in 1592, to the office of Prothonotary of the Duchy Court at Lancaster, for in 1590 he is described as liolding that office in the " vewe of the State of the Countie
Z2 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Palatine of Lancaster, bothe for religion and civill government " (Uom. Eliz., vol. 255, No. 4, P.R.O.), and is characterised as " bacwarde in religion, his wife a Recusant only lately con- formed, and so his mother also." He was also, with his kins- man, James Anderton, of Clayton, Esq., farmer "to her Majestic of the goods of outlawes," &c., and they were both, with others, receivers of the duchy for sundry ports.
In the eulogium of Fr. Henry Holland, S.J., forwarded to the General in Rome by the Rector of Liege College, Fr. John Clark, it is asserted that this father, who first came on the mission in England in 1605, reconciled and heard the first confession of James Anderton, of Lostock, Esq., " a most learned man, who wrote a valuable work, entitled ' The Pro- testant's Apologie.' " This erroneous assertion has been very generally accepted, though one or two have questioned it.
John Brereley, priest, was undoubtedly a pseudonym of James Anderton's nephew, Fr. Lawrence Anderton, S.J., and the cele- brated works, hitherto so confidently ascribed to the uncle, must in future add to the renown of the learned Society of Jesus.
This will be clearly seen by reference to Fr. Lawrence's biography, the object of the present notice being to explain the origin of the error, and show that the life of James Anderton was inconsistent with the character of " John Brereley, priest."
Dodd [i.e., Hugh Tootell), whose family were lords of the manor of Lower Healey and resided at the Hall, situated within easy distance of Lostock, was well acquainted with the Andertons, and accepted the erroneous tradition of the family as confirmation of Fr. Holland's assertion.
The MSS. were in his time still preserved in the Anderton family, and also a collection of Protestant books with marginal annotations in the handwriting of the author of " Protestant's Apologie," Avith the passages scored with the pen in the order he had occasion to transcribe them for insertion in his works.
Gee, in his "Foot out of the Snare," published in 1624, positively affirms that all Brereley's works were printed in a private press in Lancashire which w^as suppressed some few years before the date of his writing. After James Anderton's reconciliation to the Church it is possible he may have tried to make some reparation for his past life in supporting, or at least sheltering, the secret press with which his brother Roger was
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 33
undoubtedly connected. The latter set it up again after its seizure in 1613, full particulars of which will be found in his biography. Dodd does not state in which of the Anderton residences he saw the manuscripts. They no doubt remained in the possession of the family with whom Fr. Lawrence Anderton resided either on his first, second, or third visit.
It must also be noted that all Brereley's works, after the first edition of the Apology in 1604, bear the impress " Permissu Superiorum," which James Anderton most certainly would not have used.
Christopher Anderton, the father of James Anderton, sailed with the times, and never appears as a recusant, but, on the contrary, sat as one of the magistrates at the sessions where priests and laymen were convicted of that " crime," and punished according to the statutes.
It seems probable, therefore, that his son was brought up in the same manner, though secretly sympathizing with his mother's faith, as is evident from the following memorandum sent to the Privy Council by Dingley, the apostate priest and informer, in Nov. 1592: — "Mrs. Anderton of Lostocke ys Latelie a widdowe of greate welth ; she hearde my Masse and Sermon at Lostocke^ and sent me money to her sonne James. She ys put amongst the other widdowes. James Anderton of Lostocke, her sonne, did at the same tyme heare my Masse there and received me ; he ys of greate Lyvinge and I knowe not whether he be put amongest the rest." (Dom. Eliz., vol. 243, No. 70, P.R.O.)
His name never appears in the lists of convicted recusants, so that Mr. Gibson's remarks (" Lydiate Hall and its Associa- tions," p. 60) may not be so far from the truth in assuming that, like Sir John Ratcliff, he was one who might be fitly described as a " daungerous temporiser," no uncommon character at that period. In 1 6 1 3 his name is found attached as a justice of peace to an address issued at Wigan that year for the " disarming of recusants," and as one duty of the justices was to procure from the parsons, ministers, and churchwardens the names of all of the age of sixteen years who were non-com- municants, such an employment could not, says Mr. Gibson, have been very congenial to a consistent Catholic. His inquisition post-mortem was taken in 16 18, and he was suc- ceeded in his extensive estates by his younger brother^
VOL. I. D
34 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Christopher Anderton, whose grandson, Sir Francis Anderton, of Lostock and Anderton, was created a Baronet in 1677.
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; State Papers ^ P.R.O. ; Rev. T. E. Gibson, Lydiate Hall ; Oliver, Collectanea S.J.
Anderton, James, a gentleman volunteer during the Civil War, lost his life in Wales, in the service of the king. He was either the eldest son of James Anderton, of Clayton, Esq., or the third son of William Anderton, of Euxton, co. Lan- caster, Esq.
Castleniain, Apology.
Anderton, Lawrence, Father S.J.,«//^j-John Brereley,
priest, was a son of Lawrence (or Thomas) Anderton, younger son of Christopher Anderton, of Lostock, co. Lancaster, Esq., and his wife Dorothea, daughter of Peter Anderton, of Anderton, Esq., and was born in 1575-6. His mother was probably a Scroop of Danby Castle, which was the alias used by his brother William. There is little foundation for the statement, and it is improbable, that Lawrence went by the name of Scroop.
Gee, in his list of Priests and Jesuits in and about London in 1624, mentions " Fr. Anderton, a Jesuit, a Lancashire mar, yet not the same Anderton who gceth by the name of Scroope."
Lawrence Anderton received his rudimental education at the Blackburn Grammar School, and from thence entered Christ Church College, Cambridge, where he was admired for his brilliant genius and ready eloquence, upon which account, says Anthony Wood, he received the epithet of " silver-mouthed Anderton."
He seems to have received Protestant Orders, but, being much addicted to reading books of controversy, he was unable to re- concile some difficulties he met with concerning the origin and doctrines of the Reformation, which speedily ended in his con- version to the Catholic Church. Where he was ordained has not been ascertained, but it is pretty clear from the first Catalogue of the English Province S.J., that he was a priest before he entered the Society, and it is most probable that immediately after his conversion he retired to his family in
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 35
Lancashire, where he employed his time in writin^j and printing his famous work called the " Protestant's Apologie." The first edition of this work, printed in 1604, no doubt issued from the Anderton press, which was discovered and seized by the Government some few years later.
In 1604-5 he proceeded to Rome, and entered the Society at the age of 38, and became one of the most distinguished ornaments of the English Province.
After spending several years in teaching in the continental colleges, during which time he published a second edition of his " Apologie," the " Liturgy of the Mass," and the " Life of Luther," he returned to England, to his native county, where his missionary labours were principally confined. He was Superior of the Lancashire District in 162 i, and probably for some years before, where he was held in esteem both by Catholics and Protestants, converting many of the latter to the Faith. About 1624 he was sent to the mission in London, and was there when Gee published his " Foot out of the Snare." From that time until 1641 he remained in London, and then returned to Lancashire, where he died, April 17, 1643, aged 6^,
Dr. Oliver (Collectanea S.J.) suspected that he was the chaplain of the Earl of Essex, whom Fr. John Gerard received into his house in London ; but in this he was in error, as the chaplain alluded to was evidently the well-known William Alabaster. (Morris, " Life of Fr. Gerard.")
Dodd, CJi. Hist. ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii., and Collectanea Gibson, Lydiate Hall ; Oliver, Collectanea S./.
I. The Protestant's Apologie for the Roman Church ; I. Con- cerning the Antiquity and Continuance of the Roman Church since the Apostles' times ; II. The Marks of the True Church ; III. The loyalty of Catholics; proved by Testimonies of the learned Protestants themselves. 1604. 4to.
This was apparently printed at the secret press in Lancashire before Fr. Anderton became a Jesuit.
The design of this work was to prove the Catholic doctrine from the con- cessions of Protestant authors, whom he quotes with great exactitude ; and Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, alarmed with the popularity with which it was received, engaged Dr. Thomas Morton, one of the King's chaplains, to attempt an answer. The direct way was by disproving facts, but unable to proceed with this, he adopted the plan of recrimination, and entitled his work "ACatholick Appeal for Protestants," in which he endeavoured to produce Catholic concessions for Protestant doctrine. But Dr. Morton
D 2
36 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
failed in two essential points : first, he quotes Catholic authors who were singular in their opinions and disowned by the rest of their communion ; and, secondly, the various disagreements he produces do not concern essen- tial but indifferent points. These two considerations rendered his reply insignificant. The book was published in London, 1606, 4to.
Fr. Anderton, having in the meantime joined the Society at Rome, pub- lished a second edition as follows : —
2. The Protestants Apologie for the Roman Church. Divided into three several! Traetes. Whereof— The First, coneerneth the Antiquity and Continuance of the Roman Church and Religion, ever since the Apostles times. That the Protestants Religion was not so much as in being, at, or before Luthers first appearing. — The Second, That the Marks of the true Church are apperteyning to the Roman, and wholy wanting to the severall Churches, begun by Luther and Calvin. — The Third, That Catholicks are no less loyall, and dutifull to their Soveraigne, than Protestants. All which is undertaken, and proved by testimonies of the learned Protestants themselves. With A Conclusion to the Reverend Judges, and others the grave and learned Sages of the law. By John Brereley, Priest. Deut. 32. vers. 31. — For their God is not as ovir God, even our enemies being judges. — And I will set the Egyptians against the JEgyptians: so every one shall fight against his brother.— Esay 19. vers. 2. Permissu Superiorum. 1608, 4to. Title, I p. ; The Authors Advertisment to him that shall answere this Trea- tise, 7 pp. ; Contents, 6 pp. ; Catal. of Frs. with dates, 2 pp. ; Catal. of Prot. writers and their works, and Instructions to reader, 10 pp. ; Preface, pp. 1-56 ; to the Kinges most excellent Majesty, 4 pp. ; The Protestants Apologie, pp. 57-751 ; Index, 25 pp. ; Four Catalogues of Prot. writings, 24 pp. ; and the Authors Advertisment, signed John Brereley, P., 25 pp. ; additions and omissions, 22 pp.
In the first advertisment the author refers to M.D.Morton's "Epistle dedicatory of his late Preamble to P. R.," in which an answer to the Protes- tant's Apology is promised.
In the second advertisment he acknowledges that the Catalogue of Pro- testant works was largely drawn from the collections of a " Worshipfull and reverend Priest, gathered together some few yeares before he entered into holy Orders," which probably refers to Fr. Persons, S.J.
Dr. Morton was successively appointed Bishop of Chester, Lichfield, and Durham. He acknowledged that the Protestant's Apologie was a master- piece in its kind, and for solidity, erudition, politeness, comprehensiveness, and moderation, far beyond anything that had hitherto appeared.
He published a second edition of his reply, entitled "A Catholike Appeal for Protestants, particularly answering the misconceived Catholike Apologie for the Romane Faith out of the Protestants." Lond. 1610, fol.
Brereley's work was then translated into Latin by William Reyner, a Paris doctor, under the title —
" Apologia Protestantium pro Romana Ecclesia ; per Guil. Raynerium, Latine versa." Paiis, 1615. 4to.
Dedicated to James I.
\
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. n
3. The Liturgy of the Mass concerning the Sacrifice, Real Pre- sence, and Service in Latin. 16 10.
The first edition, probably printed abroad ; the second edition, the title of which follows, is very poorly printed and badly pressed, and in all proba- bility was produced at the secret press in Lancashire, where Fr. Anderton was then residing.
The Lyturgie of the Masse : wherein are treated Three Principal Pointes of Faith. 1. That in the Sacrament of the Eucharist are truly and really contained the body and bloud of Christ. 2. That the Masse is a true and proper sacrifice of the body and bloud of Christ, offered to God by Priestes. 3. That Communion of the Eucharist to the Laity under one kind is lawful. — The ceremonies also of the Masse now used in the Catholicke Church, are al of them derived from the Primitive Church. By John Broreley, Priest, Printed at Colon. 1620. 4to.
Title, &c., I leaf; Ded. To the High and Noble Charles, Prince of Wales, &c., 4 pp. ; Preface, pp. 9-58 ; Lyturgie, &c., pp. 59-453 ; Index, pp. 455-469.
In the dedication he says that he has heard with the greatest comfort that King James not only deigned to peruse " some " of his former laboures, but also, thinking them not altogether worthy of contempt and neglect, ap- pointed that several Doctors should be selected to undertake and make some satisfactory answer. He adds that one of them, though his professed adversary (D. Morton in his Appeale Epist. to the Kinges Maiesty), ingeniously con- fesses of his writings that they " seeme both in the prefaces and progresse, to have deserved his Alaiesties most favorable acceptance."
4. The Life of Luther. Collected from the Writings of himselfe and other learned Protestants, together with a further discourse touching Melancton, Bucer, Ochine, Calvine, Beza, &c., the late Pretended Reformers of Religion. By John Brereley, Priest. 1 6 10. 4to. Probably printed at the Anderton press ; another edition, St. Omer's, 1624, sm. 4to., pp. 204.
5. The Reformed Protestant, by John Brereley, Priest.
This is referred to by Gee (" Foot out of the Snare," 1624), who says : — " There was a printing-house supprest about three years since in Lancashire, where all Brereley his works, with many other Popish Pamphlets, were printed."
6. Sainct Austines Religion. Collected from His owne writinges and from the confessions of the learned Protestants ; whereby is stLfficiently proved and made knowen, the like answerable doctrine of the other more auncient Fathers of the Primitive Church. Written by John Brereley. Printed 1620. The author beginneth his Booke to his Catholic Friend " during our smale aboad together at the Spawe for both our healthes." Ded. to King James, pp. 17 ; preface to his learned adversaries to p. 31, in which he alludes to the Protestant's Apologie; pp. 340; table of contents, pp. 341-361 ; table of Principle Pointes contained in this Book, pp. 362-374.
This work, giving an account of his opinion in matters of controversy between Catholics and Protestants, was attacked by William Compton in a work, entitled " St. Augustin's Sum ; or, St. Augustin's Religion agreeing
38 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
with that of the Protestants ; in answer to John Brereley." Lond. 1624, and again 1625. 4to.
The following notice of this production appears in the Diary of Arch- bishop Laud's Life, pubhshed by Hen. Wharton in 1625 : — "Anno 1624, Dec. 21. Mr. Compton had set forth a book call'd St. Augustin's Sum. His Majesty found fault with divers of passages in it. He was put to recall some things in writing. He had dedicated his book to my lord Duke of Huckingham : my lord sent him to mc to overlook the articles, in which he had recall'd, and explained himself, that I might see whether it v/erc well done, and tit to shew the King. This day Mr. Compton brought his papers to me. December 23, I delivered these papers back to Mr. Compton. December 31, his Majesty sent for me, and delivered unto me Mr. Compton's papers a second time (after I had read them over unto himself), and com- manded mc to correct them, as they might pass in the doctrine of the Church of England."
7. One God, one Faith. 1625. 8vo.
A treatise with the letters W. B. prefixed. This issued from the Anderton press, and appears in the list of works printed by Roger Anderton.
8. The Progenie of Catholics and Protestants. Rouen, 1632, 4to. ; Rothomagi, typis Nicolai Courrant, 1634, 4to. ; Rouen, 1663, 4to. The latter edition is divided into five books, each separately paged. The first has 32, 2nd 90, 3rd 59, 4th 40, and 5th 26 pp.
The work is on the plan of the Protestant's Apology, and is preceded by an able letter to Dr. Morton on his Catholic Appeal to Protestants, which was never answered.
9. The Triple Cord ; or, A Treatise proving the Truth of the Roman Religion, By Sacred Scriptures, Taken in the Literall Sense, Expounded by Ancient Fathers, Interpreted by Protes- tant "Writers. With A Discovery of sundry subtile sleights used by Protestants, for evading the force of strongest Arguments,, taken from cleerest Texts of the foresaid Scriptxires. — If a man prevayle agaynst one, two resist him: A triple Cord is hardly broken. Permissu Superiorum. 1634. 4to. Title, i leaf; Epistle Dedicatory, 32 pp. ; Preface, 9 pp. ; Contents, 29 pp. ; Preparative to the Triple Cord, 24 pp. ; Triple Cord, pp. 33 (jZ(r)-8oi ; Errata, 3 pp. ; Index, 8 pp.
In the preface he refers to D. Morton, White, and Featley. It is said to have been printed at St. Omer, by Dr. Oliver, but it docs not bear that impress on the title. It was again printed in 1651. 4to. This work was never answered.
Anderton, Matthew, a Captain in the Royal Army, was a younger son of James Anderton, of Clayton, co. Lancaster, Esq., and lost his life at Sheriff Hutton, in Yorkshire, during the Civil War.
He was entered a foreign burgess at the Preston Guild of 1622, when he was apparently very young.
Castlemain, Apology', Abravi, Preston Guild Rolls.
OF THE ENGLTSH CATHOLICS. 39
Anderton, Roger, Esq., of Bi'rchley, co. Lancaster, was the fourth son of Christopher Anderton, of Lostock, Esq., by- Dorothea, daughter of Peter Anderton, of Anderton, Esq. UnHke his father and his eldest brother James, Roger Anderton does not appear to have been a temporiser, and his name is constantly found in the Recusant Rolls. He married Anne, daughter of Edward Stafford, of Perry Hall, co. Stafford, Esq., and had a numerous family, three or four of whom were nuns.
Gee, in his " Foot out of the Snare," published in 1624, states that " there was a printing-house in Lancashire sup- pressed about some three years since, where all Brereley's works, with many other Popish pamphlets, were printed." This press was undoubtedly secretly set up and supported by the Anderton family, which was very numerous at this period, and it is most probable that more than one member of the family was con- nected with it. Among the State Papers in the Record Office (Dom. James L, vol. 75, n. 20) is a letter from Sir Julius Caesar, Knt., Chancellor of the Exchequer, to Sir Thomas Lake, Knt, one of the clerks of his Majesty's Signet attending the king at Court, dated London, Nov. 20, 161 3 — "These, haste, haste, haste." The writer states that, according to the king's plea- sure, he has had conference with the Bishop of Chester concerning the safe custody of the goods and books of one Anderton, a recusant, in Lancashire, deceased. For the books the Bishop would take special care to send his Majesty, with all convenient speed, an inventory thereof, and attend his gracious pleasure for their disposal. The inventory is given in a second letter (in the same vol. n. 36, and 36, L) : — Manuals ; Latin and English primmers ; Firm Foundations ; Abridge- ments ; Policy and Religion (Fr. Fitzherbert, SJ.) ; Rules of St Clare ; Pseudo-Scripturist (Sylvester Norris, D.D., S.J.) ; Introductions (to a Devout Life, by Fr. J. Yorke, S.J.) ; Fol- lowing of Christ ; Key of Paradise ; Bellarmine's Catechisms ; Vaux's Catechisms (Laurence Vaux, of Blackrod, Wigan, late Warden of Manchester) ; Images of both Churches (by M. Pateson, " a bitter and seditious book," says Gee, in his list). The Anderton pedigree does not record any member of the family as dying in 16 13, but it is possible that James Anderton, of Lostock, whose inquisition post-mortem was taken in 161 8, may be the one alluded to, or perhaps his brother Thurston, who pre-deceased him. The books referred to have the appear-
40 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
ance of having been in bundles, and confirm the idea that the press was here, and that these were some of the books which issued from it.
Among the Bkmdell of Crosby MSS. is a list of works ascribed to Roger Anderton by his son Christopher, in 1647, but other hands are known to have written many of these works ; and it is therefore pretty clear that Roger Anderton again set up the press at Birchley, and that most of the works in the list were only printed by him. Roger Anderton is said to have died in 1640. His son and heir, James, married a daughter of Sir Walter Blount, Bart, of Sodington, with Avhose family many literary productions are associated. The list appended is the one referred to above as being sent to William Blundell, Esq., of Crosby, in 1668, by the Rev. Henry Heaton, being a copy of one sent to the latter, in 1647, by Christopher Anderton.
Dugdale, Lane. Visit. 1664 ; Gibson, Lydiate Hall ; Recu- sant Rolls, P.R.O.; Foley Records S./., vol. iii. p. 490 ; vol. v.
P- 371.
1. The Christian Manna.
2. White dyed Black.
This work, entitled " Whyte dyed Black," 4to., pp. 183, is ascribed by Oliver (Collectanea S.J.) to Thomas Worthington, D.D., and was written against Dt. John White's " Way to the True Church." 1614.
3. Keepe your Text.
4. The Pseudo-Scripturist, by Fr. Sylvester Norris, D.D., S.J. 4to. 1623,
5. One God, one Faith ; or, Qui non credit eondemnabitur, by Fr. Lawrence Anderton, S.J., alias John Brereley, under the initials W. B., 1625, 8vo. He was about this time in Lancashire, and probably resided with Roger Anderton.
6. The Legacy. " The Bishop of London His Legacy, or Certaine Motives of D. King, late Bishop of London, for his change of Religion and dying in the Catholike and Roman Church," 1622, written by Musket, a priest, says Gee, who is very wrath about it.
7. The Converted Jew, published in 1630, 4to., in the name of Fr. John Clare, S.J., though it was not written by him. It is a learned controversial work in three dialogues, and it answers, in an appendix to the second, "A treatise of the Visibility and Succession of the True Church in all Ages," printed in 1624. Dr. Oliver remarks that the "printer's office possessed no Greek types ; and there could have been no efficient reader or corrector of the press." If this was printed by Roger Anderton, the date, 1630, clearly proves that the press was again set up after the seizure.
8. Rawleigh, his Ghost.
"Rawleigh, his Ghost ; or a feigned Apparition of Sir Walter Rawleigh. Translated by A. B. Permissu Superiorum," 163 1, 8vo. Two works had previously appeared under this title, " Prosopopoeia. Sir Walter Rawleigh's
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 41
Ghost, 1622;" and "Sir Walter Rawlcigh's Ghost, or England's Fore- warner" (by Thomas Scott, B.D.), Utrecht, 1626,410., pp. 44, referring to Gondomar's transactions in England.
9. Campion Translated. This probably was the English translation of Campion's " Decern Rationes," of which an edition was published in London by Richard Stock in 1606.
10. The Non-entitie of Protestancy.
11. Puritanisme the Mother, Sinn the Daughter, "Or a Treatise, wherein is demonstrated that the Fayth of the Puritans doth forcibly induce its Professours, to the perpetrating of Sinne. Hereunto is added (as an Appen- dix) a Funeral Discourse Touching the Deathes of Dr. Price, Deane of Hereford, and Dr. Butts, Vice-Chancellour of Cambridge. By B. C." 1633, 8vo.
12. An Apologie of English Armenianisme, perhaps referring to the work by J. R., "The Spy discovering the Danger of Arminian Heresie and Spanish Treacherie," Strasburgh, 1628. 4to.
13. An Antidote against Purgatorie.
14. Maria Trumphans, " Being a Discourse, wherein, by way of Dia- logue (between Alariadulus and Mariamastix) the B. Virgin Mary, Mother of God, is defended and vindicated from all such Dishonours and Indignities with which the Precisions of these our days are accustomed unjustly to charge Her." 1635. i2mo. Dedication signed N. N.
15. Adelphomachia, or ye Warrs of Protestancy.
16. Bellarmin of Eternal Felicitie, translated.
17. Bellarmin of the lamentation of ye Dove, translated.
This may be the translation made by William Anthony Batt, O.S.B., " The Mourning of the Dove ; or, of the great Benefit and Good of Teares. III. Bookes. Written in Latin by the most Illustrious Card. Bellarmine of the Society of Jesus, And translated into English by A. B." Perm. Super.
1641. iSmo.
18. Bellarmin of ye "Words of Our Lord.
19. Clavis Homerica.
20. Miscellanea.
21. Luther's Alcoran. Fr. Lawrence Anderton, alias John Brereley, wrote "The Life of Luther," St. Omer's. 1624.
22. The English Wunne: " being a treatise, wherein (by way of Dia- logue) the Author endeavoureth to draw young and unmarried Catholike gentlewomen to imbrace a votary, and religious life. Written by N. N. Hereunto is annexed a short discourse to the Abbesses and Religious women of all the English Monasteries in the Low Countreys, and France."
1642. 8vo.
23. The Catholicke Younger Brother.
24. A Panegyricke, or Laudative Discourse.
25. Bellarmine's Controversies, the whole of which were translated into English by Roger Anderton, and sent by him to the Rev. Henry Heaton at St. Omer, in two large tomes, but were never printed.
Probably with these exceptions all the other works in the foregoing list were printed at the Anderton press.
Anderton, Robert, priest, martyr, was born in Lanca- shire, and was probably the son of James Anderton, of
42 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Euxton, Esq., and his wife, a daughter of the ancient family of Banister of Bank.
He was sent to the Enghsh College at Rheims, and in the Douay Diary he is described as a man of great learning {vir doctissi7>iiis). He was ordained sub-deacon in 1583, and in the following year deacon and priest.
Towards the close of Jan. 1586, he set out for the English mission, but the vessel in which he was crossing the Channel was driven in a storm to the Isle of Wight. Here he was apprehended on suspicion of being a priest, and was committed to prison. On this charge he was tried and found guilty, and was sentenced to death, though he showed that he was cast on shore against his will, and had not remained in the kingdom^ before his commitment, the number of days men- tioned in the statute. He was executed in the Isle of Wight, April 25, 1586.
Challoncr, Memoirs ; Douay Diaries.
Anderton, Thomas, a Captain in the Royal Army, was probably a brother of Captain Matthew Anderton, and son of James Anderton, of Clayton, co. Lancaster, Esq., but as there were several of this name living in 1642, it is impossible to decide.
He was killed during the Civil War.
Castlemain, Apology.
Anderton, Thomas, O.S.B., was the sixth son of William Anderton, Esq., of Euxton, co. Lancaster, by Isabel, daughter and heiress of William Hancock, of Pendle Hall, Lower Higham, co. Lancaster, Esq. Both of his parents suffered heavily for the health. His father died in 161 8, but his mother was still paying her fines for recusancy in 1 63 5.
Thomas Anderton was born at Euxton Hall in 161 1, and was sent to the Benedictine Monastery of St. Edmund at Paris, where he was professed in 1630. He was ordained priest there six years later, and he successively held the offices of Novice Master, Sub-prior, and Prior, the latter in 1 640-1. He was Definitor in 1 641, and Secretary to the Chapter in 1657. For a time he retired to a hermitage, but was Prior of St. Bene- dict's Monastery at St. Malo, 166 1-6, and once more Prior of
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 43
St. Edmund's, Paris, 1 668-9. Shortly afterwards he was sent to the English mission, and died at Saxton Hall, in Yorkshire, Oct. 9, 1 67 1.
Snow, Bened. Necrology ; Gilloiv, Lane. Reeusants, MS.
I. History of the Iconoclasts, daring the Reign of the Emperors Leo Isaurieus, Constantin Copronimvis, Leo the 4th, Constantin and Irene, Leo the Armenian, Michael Balbus, Theophilus, Michael HI., and Theodora, s.l., 1671. Svo.
Anderton, Thurston, a Captain in the King's Army during the Civil War, was wounded at Newbury Fight, and died soon afterwards in Oxford. He was the third son of Roger An- derton, Esq., of Birchley, fourth son of Christopher Anderton, Esq., of Lostock.
Castlemain, Apology.
Andrewes, Thomas, of London, bookseller, &c., is named in Gee's " Foot out of the Snare," in 1624.
Andrews, "William Eusebius, journalist, printer, and author, was born on Dec. 15, 1773, in the city of Norwich, of humble but respectable parents, both converts to that religion of which their son was to become one of the most remarkable defendei's. At an early age Mr. Andrews was apprenticed to the printers and proprietors of the Norivick Chronicle in his native city, and here additional opportunities presented them- selves for storing his mind with the historical and general infor- mation which he afterwards turned to such good account. Shortly after the termination of his apprenticeship, he was placed in the responsible position of Editor of the journal, which he continued to conduct for his employers for a period of fourteen years with great reputation and success. His well- earned character for knowledge of books and authors, caused him to be chosen as the agent for the purchase of books from London for a Book Society, and this gave him additional faci- lities beyond his own limited means for improving his mental acquirements, of which he availed himself with the most praiseworthy industry.
He soon, even at this early period of his career, became the recognized champion of Catholicism in the neighbourhood of Norwich. So strongly did he feel the importance of Catholics
44 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
availing themselves of the press, for the advocacy and defence of their religious principles, that at length he could no longer resist the promptings of the zeal which animated him, and he resolved to enter the arena of periodical literature, and to devote himself to the maintenance of Catholic truth and the cause of Civil and Religious Liberty.
But the limited boundary of a country town did not present a field for the extensive and bold operations which his ardent and powerful mind projected for the advancement of that cause which lay nearest his heart. Accordingly, he resolved to remove to London, and in the stronghold of Protestantism uprear the standard of Catholicity. He inscribed on his banner TJie OriJiodox Journal, a monthly publication in octavo, which made its first appearance on the ist of July, 1813.
His exertions were attended with marked success and most cheering encouragement. A new tone was given to Catholic feeling, and a growing desire was manifested for a combined effort of the different classes of society to forward the absorb- ing question of Emancipation, by promptly and vigorously re- futing the calumnies invented to serve political objects, or which were hashed up and seasoned to suit the appetite of pampered and bigoted ascendency. The disunion, however, occasioned by the disapproval of the action and policy of the Catholic Board, in regard to the Emancipation Bills introduced into Parliament, by Bishop Milner and a large section of the Catholic body, produced a quarrel which for several years caused the deepest anxiety and confusion, and threatened to defeat the very object which both parties had in view.
Dr. Milner and his party received the vigorous support of the ever-independent editor of TJie Orthodox Journal, who, it will shortly appear, had to suffer severely for his temerity.
While engaged in conducting TJie Orthodox Journal, Mr. Andrews was solicited to undertake the task of counteracting the poisonous excitement caused in the neighbourhood of Glasgow by a bigoted publication called The Protestant. His zeal for religion induced him to accept the conditions proposed, and for a year he published a weekly pamphlet at twopence, which was named The Catholic Vindicator, and admirably he discharged the duties which that name implies. But an altera- tion of the law, prohibiting the sale of weekly publications for less than sixpence, and differences on political questions among
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 45
the Catholics of Glasgow, caused him to relinquish this publi- cation with considerable pecuniary loss.
Dr. Milner was a warm friend of the editor, and a frequent correspondent of The Orthodox Journal, and his often severe and unsparing denunciations of those whom he conscientiously considered to be at variance with the interests of the Catholic cause singularly coincided with the views and sometimes violent articles of Mr. Andrews ; and such plain-speaking could not fail to give umbrage, particularly to some who fell under the Bishop's censures. Accordingly, strong representations were made to the Holy See, both against the Bishop and also against The Orthodox Journal, from which certain extracts were sent to Rome in support of the allegations brought forward. In consequence of these complaints, the Bishop was cautioned by the Holy See to subdue his manner, and to refrain from contri- buting by word or writing to the pages of The Orthodox Journal. The letter of the Prefect of " Propaganda," addressed to Dr. Milner, was dated April 29, 1820^ and expresses the uneasiness with which his Holiness and the Propaganda have learned the cir- culation in England of a periodical called The Orthodox Jourttal, which is calculated, it says, to perpetuate dissensions among the Catholics of Great Britain ; that the said journal, with the greatest temerity, grievously blackens by detractions and abuse, and often even by enormous calumnies, the reputation of several Catholics, of the Vicars Apostolic themselves, and even ministers of the Holy See ; that the said journal contains many articles bearing Dr, Milner's name, and that it is publicly known that he is one of its chief supporters and writers, and supplies the editor with many contributions. The document also declares it to be the will and command of his Holiness that he shall take no part in future in the said journal, directly or indirectly ; shall in no way promote or patronize it, nor contribute any matter or arguments to it, much less afford it any assistance.
This document is altogether so extraordinary that it is no wonder that Dr. Milner felt that he had been unjustly accused to the Holy See ; and" he accordingly wrote to the editor of the condemned journal, informing him of his prohibition from contributing to The Orthodox Journal, but stating that he con- ceived he was at liberty to aid Mr. Andrews in a different kind of publication.
Thus the political influence and misrepresentation, as the
46 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
opposite party maintained, of the Catholic Board and their ministerial friends, brought about the discontinuance of The Orthodox Journal.
Nothing daunted, Mr. Andrews was enabled, by the aid of a few friends, to establish a weekly stamped newspaper, appa- rently the first Catholic newspaper printed in England, which appeared in Dec. 1820, entitled TJic Catholic Advocate of Civil and Religions Liberty. For nine months he struggled with the difficulties which opposed his progress, resolutely maintainiug his advocacy of Catholic principles, while steadfastly advocating his political opinions ; and with such sterling integrity and good sense did he bear himself in this trying position that a public body of Protestants openly declared that The Catholic Advocate was the only paper in England which favoured the cause of the people. On the discontinuance of that newspaper, in July I 82 I, he remained in a state of comparative idleness until the end of the year, when proposals were made for publishing two separate periodicals ; one for Catholics, under the title of The CatJiolic Miscellany, with a nominal editor ; and the other, exclusively political, The People's Advocate, openly edited by him. Both works made their appearance in Jan. 1822, but the political pamphlet only survived seven weeks, and the sole editorship of the other devolved upon him after the second number. He continued, under very considerable pecuniary difficulties (and, indeed, part of the time was impri- soned under a vexatious arrest by one of his creditors), to conduct it until June 1823, when TJie Miscellany was put into other hands.
In the previous January, he had been induced to re-establish TJie OrtJiodox Journal, as admitting of a wider scope and freer tone of argument, and he continued to publish it until the end of 1824. The mention of several important publications pro- duced by his pen and press during this period has been purposely omitted in the desire to show a continuous and uninterrupted viev/ of the indomitable energy and surprising zeal with which Mr. Andrews endeavoured to maintain a periodical organ for the expression of Catholic intellect, and resistance to the bigotry and political injustice of the dominant party.
On Sept. 25, 1824, he launched the first number of another venture, TJie Truthtcllcr, a weekly stamped newspaper. His
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 47
friends raised him about ^260 to assist him in the establish- ment of this journal, which was at that particular time greatly- called for. The enormous expenses of a stamped newspaper, at its then high rate of duty, rendered the capital required much greater than a similar undertaking nowadays.
But Andrews, never sparing himself when the cause of religion and liberty was concerned, boldly embarked in his new attempt and maintained his ground for twelve months, receiving only the additional aid of ^{^So indirectly from the British Catholic Association, and a loan of ;^ 125, which the Committee of the Association advanced upon the application of his public friends to enable him to purchase stamps, and which loan was honourably repaid.
With untiring zeal he continued The TnitJitdlcr in the form of a pamphlet, and with the same energetic and unbending firmness as before, he continued his defence of Catholic principles and practices from the continual attacks made upon them.
The fourteen volumes of TJic Tnithteller contain many valuable articles from the pen of its editor and his talented -contributors, but this publication was brought to a close by another temporary division in the Catholic body. The same " bone of contention," the question of " Securities," for obtaining the ardently longed-for Emancipation, was again the cause of his public labours being interrupted. The great differences of opinion as to the measures recommended by O'Connell found expression in The Truthteller ; and Mr. Andrews, with his usual ■disregard of consequences to himself, when he conceived that he saw any open or lurking danger to religion or public principle which called for his notice, vehemently and resolutely assailed O'Connell and combated the course of proceedings which he advocated. This was more than the enthusiastic admirers of O'Connell could bear with, and so many persons Avithdrew their support from that journal in consequence, simultaneously with the failure of several of his agents, oc- casioned by the vv^orkings of the great commercial panic, that he was obliged to discontinue it. Mr. Andrews had to face his creditors, but came out with honour ; and all political parties, recognizing his eminent services and utility in the cause of religion, united in raising the sum of ;^ 3 20, which enabled him to meet his engagements with his creditors and continue his
48 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
journal, till the spreading vortex of commercial embarrassments at this terrible crisis engulfed both his agents and subscribers in one common destruction. The TnitlLteller was finally sus- pended, April 25, 1829.
Still unsubdued, he again renewed his periodical labours in The Orthodox Journal, and completed the twelfth volume Dec. 1830. Subsequently he continued his exertions in The British Liberator for a brief season, and in August, 1 831, brought out his Constitutional Preceptor and Monthly Intelligencer ; and finally, Sept. i, 1832, when the taste of the day for cheap literature called forth TJie Penny Magazine, and its host of competitors, he once more started The Orthodox Journal, as a weekly candidate for public favour. The tide of popularity again turned on his attractive publication. The increased demand obliged him to enlarge his little venture, and double its price ; and the anger of his Irish friends having somewhat abated, he again received their support in that character, which all his opponents admitted he admirably sustained — that of a champion of Catholicism.
He hoisted the "Union Jack" at the main, and TJie London and Dublin Orthodox Journal became the title of his little periodical from the summer of 1835, and it received the latest productions of his ever-active mind.
His exertions in other departments of the press, removed from periodical literature, were marked by the same untiring zeal and laborious efforts in the cause of Catholicism and rational freedom, of which his review of Fox's Book of Martyrs is the greatest example. He was the originator and principal support of the Catholic Defence and Tract Societies, and in 1826 established the Society of "The Friends of Civil and Religious Liberty," which in little more than a year circulated nearly half a million tracts at the small expense of ;£"450, principally owing to Mr. Andrews' gratuitous management of the agency and correspondence. He was also the parent of the " Metropolitan Tract Society," and of other societies with similar objects. As a politician he was an ardent and steady Reformer, attached to the forms and principles of the British Constitution, and possessed of an instinctive distrust of all who professed liberality whilst acting in an arbitrary and uncon- stitutional manner. He was a true Christian, humble and earnest in his piety, faithful and unswerving in his belief. He
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 49
died, after a short illness, April 7, 1837, in his 64th year, leaving a son and daughter behind him who continued The Orthodox Journal nnXW Dec. 31, 1842.
Orthodox Journal, April, 1837; Hnseiibeth, Life oj Dr. Mibier ; Flanagan, Hist. oJ Ch.
I. The Orthodox Joiirnal and Catholic Monthly Intelligencer, issued July i, 1S13, edited, printed, and published in London by W. E. Andrews, 8vo., which continued until December, 1820, when it was suspended in consequence of the censure on Dr. Milner, one of the chief supporters of the journal, in the letter of the Prefect of Propaganda, dated April 29, 1820.
In Jan. 1823, The Orthodox Journal was revived by Andrews, and it continued until the end of 1824, when it was again suspended in conse- quence of the editor being induced to try a weekly stamped newspaper called " The Truthteller."
After the final suspension of the latter. The Orthodox Journal was again revived, vol. ii., May to Dec. 1829, Third Series, and continued until the twelfth volume was completed, Dec. 1830.
On Sept. 8, 1832, the journal was once more started under the title of The "Weekly Orthodox Journal of Entertaining Christian Know- ledge, with an illustration every fortnight.
After completing four volumes, a new series was commenced under the title of The London and Dublin Orthodox Journal cf Useful Know- ledge, the first volume commencing July 4, and ending Dec. 26, 1835.
Andrews died in the middle of the fourth volume of this series, April 7, 1837, and during his short illness and after his death, the volume was continued, at his request, by Mr. John Reed, until Peter Paul Andrews, the son, was enabled to complete his engagements in Liverpool,
The fifth volume commenced under the editorship of P. P. Andrews, July i, 1837, and continued until the expiration of the 15th and last volume, Dec. 31, 1842. It was printed and published at the old address, Duke Street, Little Britain, London, by Peter Paul Andrews and his sister Mary. The same style, 8vo., double columns, with engravings of churches, colleges, monasteries, por- traits, and miscellaneous subjects, continued to the end.
2. The Catholic School-Book, Lond. 1814, 8vo., compiled and pub- lished shortly after his arrival in London to rescue Catholic children from the insults and dangerous language of the school-books in use, being the first attempt of the kind in England.
3. The Historical Narrative of the Horrid Plot and Conspiracy of Titus Oates. Lond. 18 16. 8vo.
Which was written to prove to Protestants the falsehoods and infamous perjuries which were put forward to prejudice Catholics and justify penal enactments.
4. The Catholic Vindicator ; a "Weekly Paper in Reply to " The Protestant." Lond.
This pamphlet, published weekly at twopence, was written entirely by
VOL. I. E
so BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Andrews, to counteract the excitement caused by the bigoted Glasgow journal called " The Protestant." It commenced Dec. 5, 18 18, and lasted to Dec. 4, 1819, forming a volume of 830 pages, and was discontinued through an alteration in the law, which prohibited the sale of weekly publications for a less price than dd., and the differences on political questions among the leading Catholics of Glasgow.
5. The Catholic Advocate of Civil and Religious Liberty. Lond. Established in Dec. 1820 as a weekly stamped newspaper, apparently the first Catholic newspaper printed in England, and at one time openly declared by a public body of Protestants to be the only paper in England which favoured the cause of the people. It was discontinued in July, 1821, through insuperable difficulties opposing its zealous editor's progress.
6. The People's Advocate. Lond. An exclusively political pamphlet, openly edited by Andrews, commenced Jan. 1822, but only survived seven weeks.
7. The Catholic Miscellany, and Monthly Repository of In- formation. Lond. 8vo., printed and published by and for Ambrose Cuddon, 2, Carthusian Street, Charterhouse Square, 8vo., single columns.
This magazine was commenced Jan. i, 1822, by Andrews and Ambrose Cuddon, under the nominal editorship of the latter, though the sole editor- ship devolved upon Andrews after the second number, and it so remained until June, 1823, price i.v. It was then continued by Cuddon, and subse- quently by the Rev. T. M. M'Donnell, until May, 1830, when it ceased to exist.
It was well got up, printed on fair paper and with good type, besides being embellished with numerous plates-
8. The Ashton Controversy.
A bigoted parson of the name of Sibson took it into his head, in 1822, to issue a collection of slanders against the Catholic faith. Andrews was requested by the Preston Catholics to enter the lists against the Lancashire parson ; and in eighteen pamphlets of 24 pp. each completely defeated and silenced his opponent.
They were published in London in 1822 and 1823, sm. 8vo., some of which bore the following titles : —
A Word of Advice, 1822 ; A Letterto Parson Sibson's Flock,
1822 ; A Letter to Parson Sibson on his Rhodomontades against Indulgences and Matx-imony, Jan. i, 1823 ; A Tilt at the Champion,
1823 ; A Second Letter to Parson Sibson on the Foundation of his Church, his ignorance on Holy Orders, and the Shameful Bible Corruptions of Protestants, Feb. i, 1823; A Second Tilt at the Champion ; or, the Wickedness and Duplicity of the Partisans of the Pretended Reformation Unveiled, Feb. 24, 1823; An Address to the Protestants of Lancashire, March, 1823 ; A Second Addj'ess to the Protestants of Lancashire, containing a Correct Account of the Inquisition ; Exposure of Sibson's Logic ; a Detection of his Falsehoods, and other interesting Topics, March 25, 1823; A Doc- trinal Lash at the Champion, with a Traditional Switch for Parson Sibson, on the Doctrine of Purgatory and Praying for the Dead, April 8, 1823 ; A Third Letter to Parson Sibson's Flock,
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 51
in which his exposition of the Safety and Danger of Salvation is Examined and Refuted, June i8, 1823.
There were six more pamphlets in the same controversy written by Andrews.
9. A Critical and Historical Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs, showing the inaccuracies, falsehoods, and misrepresentations in that work of deception. Lond. 1824-6, 3 vols. 8vo. ; a second edition was in the press at the time of the author's death in 1837 ; 1853, 2 vols. i2mo.
In 1823 a Protestant Society in Southwark deluged the whole Metropolis with the prospectus of the publication of Fox's Book of Martyrs, a proceeding so offensive to the Catholics that numbers of the working classes resolved to aid Andrews to refute it by raising funds for defraying the preliminary expenses and securing circulation. For this purpose, at his suggestion, Defence Societies were formed throughout the populous towns of the kingdom, and ^50 was raised, and moderate support assured during publication. With this encouragement. Andrews commenced his Review, on Nov. 5, 1823, and in spite of difficulties continued the work until three good-sized volumes were completed. His warm friend and supporter. Dr. Milner, highly approved of this work. It was illustrated with numerous woodcuts, of secondary quality, taken from Verstigan's " Theatrum Crudelitatum," and similar works.
10. The Truthteller, a weekly stamped newspaper, commenced Sept. 25, 1824, and continued for twelve months.
11. The Truthteller; a Weekly Political Pamphlet, Lond. 8vo., price 6^7'., single columns, 35 pp., with the motto, " Truth is powerful, and will prevail," on each number. No. i commenced Oct. i, 1825 ; No. 2, Oct. 15; No. 3, Oct. 29; and weekly from Nov. 5 to the completion of vol. i., Dec. 31. The second volume commenced Jan. 7, 1826, and so on, a volume quarterly, until vol. xiv., Jan 3 to April 25, 1829, when the work was finally closed.
12. The Catholic Friend: containing the Calendar; Original Essays on the Catholic Religion, History, and Institutions ; Answers to Attacks on the same ; Miscellaneous Information, &c. ; to be continued fortnightly, by W. E. Andrews, assisted by several literary gentlemen. Lond., printed and published by the Editor, No. 3, Chapterhouse Court, St. Paul's. The title-page bears a small representation of Our Lady. 8vo. No. i, Candlemas Day, 1825, 16 pp. ; No. 2, St. Valentine's Day, pp. 17-32 ; No. 3, St. David's Day, pp. 33-48 ; No. 4, St. Patrick's Day, pp. 49-64.
These were probably all that were published.
13. The British Liberator had a short life in the beginning of 183 1.
14. Andrews' Constitutional Preceptor and Monthly Intelli- gencer, edited, printed, and published by W. E, Andrews, at 2, Oxford Arms Passage, Warwick Lane, Lond. 8vo., price is. No. i, Aug. 1831, single columns, which continued for six months.
15. Plowden's History of Ireland, from the Invasion by Henry II. to the Union with Great Britain. To which is prefixed a Dissertation on the Antiquity of Irish History. Second Edition, edited and amended by W. E. A. Lond. 1831. 8vo.
This was an abridgment of the original work.
E 2
52 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
1 6. The Catholic's Vade Mecum.
17. Popery Triumphant! A right doleful-clerical-comical drama ; as perform.ed at the Upper Rooms, Bath, on 10th of December, 1833, by some of his Majesty's servants of the law church, assisted by a few Dissenting preachers, Members of the British Reformation Society, with a Commentary on each per- former. Lond. 1833, 8vo.
18. The Two Systems.
19. The End of Religious Controversy, by Dr. Milner, Bishop of Castabala. Edited by W. E. Andrews, with the addition of the letters to Dr. Grier, in vindication of certain passages contained in it. Lond. i2mo. ; republished 1853 and 1859, i2mo,
20. Several controversial letters at Preston, Wexford, &c.
21. Portrait, half-figure, T. Overton, del., E. Scriven, sc, inscribed " William Eusebius Andrews, Editor of ' The Orthodox Journal,' " Lond- pub. Oct. 1820, by W. E. A., 8, Drake Street, prefixed to vol. ii.. Third Series, May to December, 1829, of " The Orthodox Journal," 8vo.
Ann, John, martyr, was a younger son of the ancient family of Ann, of Frickley, in the parish of Hooton Pagnell, West Riding, Yorkshire, where he was born. In the early period of the family history they are frequently spoken of as D'Anne, which indicates a territorial origin. It is said that the noble French family of Morency, or Montmorency, derives its origin from the Yorkshire family of Ann. The peculiarity of the name has led to many blunders. The martyr's name is erroneously spelt Amias and Annasius in the Douay Diaries and Catalogues of Martyrs. He was ordained priest at the College at Rheims, March 25, 1581, and sent upon the mission on the 5 th of June following. He fell into the hands of the pursuivants, and was condemned to die the death of a traitor on account of his priestly character, and suffered at York on March 16, 1588-9,
Challoiier, Memoirs ; Foley, Records S./., vol. vii. p. 14.
Anlaby, or Andleby, William, martyr, was a gentleman by birth, Etton, in Yorkshire, being his native place. He matriculated at Cambridge as a pensioner of St. John's College, Nov. 12, 1567, proceeding B.A. in 1571.
He had been brought up in the Protestant religion, and entertained a strong aversion to the Church of Rome, but when about 25 years of age, during his travels on the Continent he met with Dr. Allen at Douay, who had but recently insti-
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 53
tuted the English College there for the supply of missionaries to England.
.The interesting particulars of Mr. Anlaby's conversion by Dr. Allen are related by Challoner in his Memoirs. He was ordained priest at Chateaux Cambresis, and returned to England to labour as a missioner in his native county in 1578.
After twenty years' labours, and many wonderful adventures and narrow escapes, he was at length seized, and condemned to death for being a priest.
He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at York, July 4, i 597.
Dodd, CJi. Hist., vol. ii. p. 72 ; Cooper, AtJi. Cantab., vol. ii. p. 225 ; Challoner, Memoirs.
Annesley, Henry, D.D., a native of the diocese of Oxford, was admitted into Douay College, April 1 1, i 579. On Aug. 21, following, he left with five others to proceed on foot to the English College, Rome, where he was admitted Oct. 1 7, at the age of 18. He was ordained priest there in 1585. He after- wards became licentiate of divinity, and was appointed a Canon of Monaco. The date of his death is not recorded, but he was alive in 16 12.
Pitsmis, De Illus. Angl. Script. ; Foley, Roman Diary, Records S.J.
I. Thesis de Beata Maria Virgine.
Anstey, Henry Frampton, Esq., was received into the Church in 1842. The greater portion of his life was spent in Tasmania, where he was distinguished as a kind and liberal landlord, and for his charity to the poor in proportion to the ample means which God had given him.
Tasmania owes him much for his enlightened advocacy of its civil interests as a Member of its Legislature.
The last two years of his life he spent in Rome, where he died July 8, 1862, aged 40.
He was created a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory by Pius IX., and by special privilege was buried in the church of Santa Maria del Populo.
Tablet, July 19, 1862.
54 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
I. During his stay in Rome he was the writer of the racy Roman Letter to the Tablet.
Appleton, James, divine, was the son of Mr. James Appleton, and his wife Mary Smith, of Norfolk, and at the age of 19, in 1762, was sent to Douay College, where he was ordained priest. Soon after he came on the mission he accompanied the sons of Sir William Jerningham, Bart., in a tour on the Continent.
After his return he lived some years as chaplain in the family of Michael Blount, Esq., at Mapledurham ; then in that of Thomas Giffard, Esq., at Chillington ; next at Mawley, the seat of Sir Walter Blount, Bart.; and lastly, in 1804, he settled at Stafford, where he continued until his death, March 2,181 3,. aged 71.
Douay Diaries ; Kirk, Biog. Coll., M.S. Westm. Archiepis. Archives.
1. Pious Lectures, by C. F. Lhomond. Trans, by Bev. James Appleton. Lend. 1794. 8vo.
2. Theophilus ; or the Pupil instructed in the Principles, the Obligations, and the Resources of the Roman Catholic Religion. Lond. 1795. 8vo.
From La Doctrine Chretienne of L'Homond.
3. Discourses for all the Sundays and Festivals of the Year, on the Various Duties of Religion, as taught by the Catholic Church. Lond. 1800, 8vo. ; 1852, 8vo. An edition of his sermons was published in 3 vols.
4. An Analysis, or Detailed Explication of the Gospels read in the Mass on the Sundays and Festivals throughout the Year. Lond. 1 8 14. 8vo.
Reprinted, Dubhn, 1853. 8vo.
Apsley, Charles, of a noble English family, was received at the English College, Douay, May i, 1589, and left for Paris July 26, following.
Douay Diaries.
I. Holy Pictures of the Mysticall Figures of the most holy Sacrament and Sacrifice of the Eucharist set forth in French by Lewis Richome, Provinciall of the Society of Jesus, And Translated into English for the benefit of those of that Nation, as well Protestants as Catholicks, by C. A. Printed with Licence, 1619. Title, I leaf; Translator's Preface, 2 leaves, signed C. A. ; Author's Preface, &c., 3 leaves ; Licence dated Sorbonne, 17 March, 1601 ; pp. 300; Table, &c., 7 leaves.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 5 5
Archer, James, D.D., was born in London, Nov. 17, 1751, and was the son of Peter Archer and his wife Bridget Lahey. He was employed at a public-house called The Ship, in Turn Style, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, where Catholics were accustomed for many years to meet for divine service in a large club-room. His devout behaviour and natural abilities coming under the notice of Dr. Challoner, he was sent to Douay College in 1769. Here he was ordained priest, and, in June 1780, returned to London to commence his labours on the mission in the very public-house in which he had formerly served. This was the year of the Gordon Riots ; indeed, the newly ordained missioner arrived in London only a few days after the furious mob had burned the chapels and plundered and destroyed the houses of the Catholics. Under these circumstances it was more ne- cessary than ever to assemble in secrecy for the celebration of holy Mass, and it is related that when Dr. Archer commenced his preaching in the club-room at The Ship, pots of beer were placed on the tables as " a blind."
He was a most eloquent pulpit orator and an indefatigable missionary. His whole missionary career for half a century was earnestly devoted to preaching the Gospel on each returning Sunday, and it is thought that he never missed one through that extended period.
He is described as very short in stature, perhaps not more than five feet one or two. But he had a magnificent head, his brow was wonderfully ample and intellectual, and his deep grey eyes shone with a flashing brilliancy until his seventieth year and upwards. His voice was silvery in tone, musical and wonderfully distinct in the pulpit. He was justly considered the most eloquent preacher in England.
Charles Butler, referring to his style of preaching, says : " It has been his aim to satisfy Reason, whilst he pleased, charmed, and instructed her ; to impress upon the mind just notions of the mysteries and truths of the Gospel ; and to show that the ways of virtue are the ways of pleasantness, and her paths the paths of peace. No one has returned from any of his sermons without impressions favourable to virtue, or with- out some practical lesson which, through life, probably in a few days, perhaps even in a few hours, it would be useful for him to remember." After passing further encomium, Mr. Butler adds : " To almost every Protestant library, and to
56 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
many a Protestant toilet, Mr. Archer's sermons have found their way."
The Rev. Edward Price gives a long description of him in a foot-note to one of his missionary stories in " Sick Calls," of which the following is an extract : — ^
"Shortly after my conversion, in the year 1822, I saw the venerable little man for the first time out of the pulpit. He was busily employed in looking over some books in front of an old shop in Holborn. I stood behind him for more than five minutes gazing with reverence upon him whose eloquent sermons had been so mainly instrumental in promoting my conversion. His dress was certainly rather slovenly. A long brown great- coat, much the worse for wear, nearly down to his heels ; an old broad-brimmed hat, and thick-soled shoes a world too wide for his feet, and which had evidently been soled a score of times. Though I took in these discrepancies at a glance, I thought not of them but of the mind and heart they concealed."
This description is typical of many of those fine old priests who lived in the days of religious intolerance. In those times the priests generally wore brown, and it has elsewhere been stated that the Rev. Joseph Berington was the first to assume black cloth.
For many years Dr. Archer was Vicar-General of the London District ; and the Pope, in recognition of his missionary labours, his talents as a preacher, and his published works, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor in Divinity at the same date with Dr. Lingard, Dr. Fletcher, and Dr. Gradwell.
He found a peaceful, happy end in the family of Mr. Booker, the publisher, in whose house he had resided for more than twenty-five years. He died Aug. 22, 1834, aged 82.
Doiiay Diaries ; Biitler, Memoirs of the Eng. CatJiolics ; Huseiibeth, Life of Bishop Mibier ; Price, Sick Calls; Kirk, Biog. Coll., MS. ArcJiiep. Archives, Westin. ; Cath. Mag., Sept. 1834.
I. Sermons on Various Moral and Religious Subjects for all the Sundays in the Year, and some of the Principal Festivals of the Year. Lond. 1787; Second Edit., Lond. 1788, 2 vols. 8vo. ; Third Edit., Lond. 1816, 2 vols. 8vo.
Incorporated with Sermons for the Principal Festivals of the Year. Lond. 1784, 5 vols. 8vo.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 57
2. Second Series. Lond. aSoi, i2mo., 3 vols. ; Second Edit. 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
3. Third Series. Lond. 1827, 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Sermons on Various Moral and Religious Subjects for all Sundays, and some of the Principal Festivals of the Year. Lond, 1789, 8vo. ; Second Edit. 1794, 4 vols. i2mo. ; Third Edit. 1817, 2 vols. 8vo. Incorporated with Sermons for all Sundays, Lond. 1794, 5 vols. 8vo.
5. Sermon on the Festival of St. Patrick (on Eccl. xliv.) preached the 18th March, 1793. Lond. 1793. 8vo.
6. Sermons on Matrimonial Duties, and other moral and religious subjects. Lond. 1S04. i2nio.
7. A Letter to J. Milner, Vicar- Apostolic of the Midland District (Being a Reply to a letter in which he accuses the author of immorality). Lond. 18 10. 8vo.
Dr. Milner denounced the mixture of erroneous and dangerous morality in two sets of Dr. Archer's sermons, more especially those on Humihty, on the Passions, and on the means of subduing the Passions, and he absolutely forbad them to be publicly read in the chapels of his district ; but the good bishop was too severe in his censure, even allowing for his characteristic use of strong language and arbitr.ir}' action. He condemned the preacher's disdain of controversy, his affected liberality in soothing rather than rousing the just apprehensions of his heterodox and schismatical hearers, and his indulgent compounding with the dangerous amusements of the theatre, as quite an opposite tendency to the lessons of the holy Fathers and approved Doctors of the Church in all ages. This strong denunciation appeared in a Pastoral, Part II., April 12, 1813, which was printed, but not published.
8. A Sermon (on Matt. ii. [i.e., xi.] 2), on Universal Benevo- lence, containing some Reflections on Religious Persecution, and the alleged proceedings at Nismes. Second Edit., Lond. 1816. Svo.
9. A Bust of Dr. Archer was pubhshed by P. Turnerelli, sculptor, Lond., in 1818.
10. Portrait, engraved by Turner, from the painting by James Ramsay, 1826.
Arden, Edward, Esq., of Park Hall, Warwick, of an ancient family and considerable fortune, was born in 1532. His father dying during his infancy, he became ward to Sir George Throckmorton, of Coughton Court, whose daughter he afterwards married.
In 1583 he was indicted at Warwick for plotting against the Queen's life, together with his wife, his son-in-law, John Sommerville, and Hugh Hall, a priest. He was afterwards carried to London, and arraigned at the Guildhall, Dec. 16, when he was condemned to die, chiefly by the evidence of Hugh Hall, and executed at Smithfield, Dec. 20, 1583. The
58 BIKLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
other three were also condemned, as accomplices. Mr. Sommer- ville was found strangled in prison, Dec. 19, the day before the execution. Mrs. Arden and Hugh Hall were pardoned. There was a great deal of mystery in this tragical story. Camden, in his Annals of Queen Elizabeth, says : " It was generally imputed to Leicester's malice, whose heavy displeasure Mr. Arden had certainly incurred, and not without cause ; for he had rashly opposed him in all he could, reproach'd him as an adulterer, and defamed him as an upstart, with other ill names, says Echard, he had too much deserv'd."
Hence it is surmised that Hall was suborned to destroy this unhappy gentleman, and Mr. Sommerville, a distracted person, craftily drawn in to be a party; for, as Mr. Camden describes him, " he was no better than a madman. In all haste he took a journey to the Queen's Court ; and breathing nothing but blood against the Protestants, he furiously set upon one or two by the way with his drawn sword." Dugdale also asserts that the Earl of Leicester had a particular spleen against Mr. Arden, as he had often heard from sundry aged persons of credit. All these circumstances plead strongly in favour of Mr. Arden, who died " protesting his innocence of every charge, and declaring that his only crime was the profession of the Catholic religion."
RisJitons Diary ; Fr. Morris's Condition of Catholics ; Dodd, Ch. Hist., vol. ii. p. 151 ; Concertatio Eccks. Angl, ; Foley s Records S./., vol. iii. p. 800.
Arne, Michael, musician, was the son of Dr. Arne, and was born about the year i 740. He was brought up by his aunt, Mrs. Cibber, and showed so early a genius for music, that at the age of ten or eleven he was able to play on the harpsichord all the lessons of Handel and Scartatti with great correctness and rapidity, and it was thought that even then he could play at sight as well as any performer living.
In 1764, in conjunction with Mrs. Buttishill, he produced at Drury Lane Theatre the opera of " Alcmena," but it was not very successful.
The opera of " Cymon," performed at the King's Theatre, brought him both profit and fame.
Shortly afterwards he became a convert to the ridiculous
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 59
folly of those who believed in the transmutation of metals and the philosopher's stone^ but, after spending all his money, he had sufficient sense to resume his professional career, and com- posed music for Covent Garden, Vauxhall, and Ranelagh.
As a composer, Michael did not possess that happy taste nor that power of writing beautiful melody which were so con- spicuous in his father. Yet there is a certain good sense which pervades ail his works, though it must at the same time be observed that if some of them were less complex they would perhaps be more pleasing. Upon the whole, however, his merits very justly entitle him to a high and distinguished rank amongst English composers. He died in 1808.
Rose, Biog. Diet.
Arne, Thomas Augustine, Doctor of Music, was born in London, May 28, 17 10, and was the son of an upholsterer in King Street, Covent Garden, at whose house the Indian kings lodged in the reign of Queen Anne, as mentioned by Addison in the Speetator (No. 50).
He was sent to Eton, where he early evinced his predilec- tion for music ; for, to the annoyance of his school-fellows, he was constantly practising, when not engaged with his studies, upon a miserable cracked flute.
His love for music was so great, indeed, that, after he left Eton, as he himself stated, he was accustomed to borrow a livery of a servant, and thus gain admittance to the gallery of the Opera House, then appropriated to domestics. At home he had contrived to secrete a spinet in his room, upon which, when the family had retired to rest, he used to practise after muffling the strings with a handkerchief.
At length his father articled him to an attorney, but even during this servitude he devoted every moment of leisure he could obtain to the study of music. Besides practising upon the spinet, and studying composition by himself, he managed, even at this time, to acquire some instructions on the violin from Festing. Upon this instrument he made such progress, that soon after he had abandoned the law, his father, calling accidentally at a gentleman's house in the neighbourhood, was astonished to find his son in the act of playing the first fiddle in a musical party.
60 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Acknowledging the futility of contending against so powerful an inclination, the father permitted him to receive regular musical instructions, and his proficiency on the violin was soon so great that he was engaged as leader of the orchestra at Drury Lane.
On discovering that his sister had a sweet-toned voice, he gave her such instruction as soon enabled her to sing for Lampe, in his opera of " Amelia ; " and finding her well received, he quickly prepared a new character for her by setting Addison's opera of " Rosamond," in which he employed his younger brother likewise as the page.
This musical drama was first performed, March 7, 1733, at the theatre in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, and was received with universal applause.
He next composed music for Fielding's " Tom Thumb," which he got transformed into a burlesque opera in the Italian manner, and it was performed with great success at the theatre in the Haymarket, many members of the Royal Family being present on the first nights of its appearance.
In 1738 Arne established his reputation as a lyric and dramatic composer by the admirable manner in which he set Milton's " Comus." In this he introduced a light, airy, original, and pleasing melody, wholly different from that of Purcell or Handel, whom all English composers had hitherto imitated. Indeed, the melody of Arne at this time (and of his Vauxhall songs afterwards) forms an era in English music. It was so easy, natural, and agreeable to the whole kingdom, that it soon had an effect upon the national taste.
In 1 740 he set Mallet's masque of " Alfred," in which " Rule Britannia " is introduced — a song and chorus which has been justly said to have wafted the fame of Arne over the greater portion of the habitable world.
The same year he married Miss Cecilia Young, a vocalist of considerable reputation; and upon her engagement, in 1745, at Vauxhall, he became composer for that place of amusement.
In 1742 he visited Ireland, where he remained two years ; and in i 744 was a second time engaged as composer for Drury Lane Theatre, his previous engagement there having been in 1736.
In 1759 the University of Oxford conferred upon him the •degree of Doctor in Music.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 6 1
The opera of " Artaxerxes," the most celebrated of his works, was produced in 1762. It is composed in the Italian style of that day, consisting entirely of recitative airs and duets. Its success was complete, and from that time almost to the present day it has kept possession of the lyrical stage.
The opera of " Love in a Village " contains many songs by him, and he is said to have arranged the music for per- formance.
His latest productions were the opera of the " Fairies ; " the music to Mason's tragedies of " Elfrida " and " Caractacus ; " additions to the music of Purcell in " King Arthur ; " songs of Shakespeare, and music for the Stratford Jubilee.
His oratorios were never successful, for it is said his con- ceptions were not sufficiently great, nor his learning sufficiently profound, for that species of composition.
He died of a spasmodic complaint, and was buried in the church of St. Paul, Covent Garden. His death is thus recorded in the diary of his friend, William Mawhood — " Thursday, Mar. 5, 1778, Dr. Arne died this even at 5 o'clock."
He had been brought up a Catholic by his parents, and though it has been stated that he had neglected his religious duties, he was a constant attendant at the chapels attached to the Sardinian and Portuguese Embassies, and composed for the choir of the former two Masses, one in four, the other in three parts. Charles Butler says : " The former was exquisite ; it is, what all Church music should be, solemn and impressive ; the harmony correct and simple ; the melody slow and graceful."
He died in a devout and penitent state of mind, attended by all the consolations of religion. It is said he sang a " hallelujah " about an hour before he expired.
The only productions of Arne which had decided and un- equivocal success were " Comus " and " Artaxerxes," which were produced twenty-four years from each other, though of nearly one hundred and fifty pieces brought on the stage at the two theatres, from the time of his composing " Rosamond " to his death, a period of forty-five years, thirty of them at least were set by him.
His ballads, containing an agreeable mixture of Italian, Scotch, and English melody, have not been surpassed, and seldom equalled.
62 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
His wife, Cecilia, was a pupil of Geminiani, and sang for the first time in public at Drury Lane, in 1730, and was con- sidered the first English female singer of her time. She died about 1795.
Rose, Biog. Diet. ; Butler, Memoirs ; MazvJiood, Diary, MS.
Arro-wsmith, Edimind, Father S.J., martyr, was born at Haydock, in the parish of Winwick, Lancashire, 1585. His father, Robert Arrowsmith, and many other members of the family, were stout recusants and suffered for the faith both in fines and imprisonment. His mother, Margery Gerard, of the ancient Lancashire Catholic family represented by the present Lord Gerard, was a widow in 1599, in which year she was fined for her recusancy.
The martyr was christened Bryan, but adopted the name of Edmund which he received in confirmation.
He made his humanity studies at Douay College, and in consequence of ill-health was ordained priest early, at Arras, in 161 2, and sent to the English mission the following year.
After ten years spent in missionary labour in his native county, it is said that he entered the Society of Jesus in the London Novitiate, in 1623, under the name of Edmund Brad- shaw. At length he was basely betrayed by a young man named Holden, and his wife, committed to Lancaster Castle, tried at the Lancaster summer assizes 1628, found guilty of high treason for being a priest and Jesuit, and suffered upon the gallows, Sept. 7, 1628, aged 43.
More, Hist. Prov. Aug. S.J. ; Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver^ Collec- tanea S.J. ; Bro. Foley, Records S.J., vol. ii. and vii. ; CJialloner, Memoirs.
1. A Trtie and. Exact Helation of the Death of two Catholicks, who suffered for their religion at the Summer Assizes held at Lancaster, 1628. 1630. 8vo.
2. A True and. Exact Relation of the Death of two Catholicks who suffered for their Religion at the Summer Assizes, held at Lancaster, in the Year 1628. Republished with some Additions, on account of a wonderful Cure wrought by the Intercession of one of them, F. Edmund Arrowsmith, a Priest of the Society of Jesus, in tho Person of Thomas Hawarden, son of Caryl Hawarden, Appleton, within Widnes in Lancashire. The death
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 63
of the genei'oiis Layman Richard Herst was not to be omitted, that the happy Cause, which united them in their SuJQTerings, may jointly preserve their Memories. Loncl. 1737. 8vo.
Embellished with portraits of the two martyrs.
This very rare tract was thought by Dr. Oliver to be compiled by ¥r. Cornelius Morphy, SJ., and differs considerably from the earlier relation. Dodd doubted the admission of Fr. Arrovvsmith into the Society, but Bro. ■Foley, in his very ample biography of the martyr (Records S.J., vol. ii.) produces strong, if not conclusive, evidence of the fact. The martyr's hand, which was preserved by the Gerard family at Bryn, is still shown and held in veneration at the chapel of St. Oswald, Ashton, Lancashire.
3. Vita et martyrium R. D. D. Edmundi Arrowsmith, an •original MS. in the valuable collection of MSS. at Oscott College, in the volume of the Rev. Alban Butler's collection of materials for aiding Bishop Challoner in his Memoirs of Missionary Priests.
4. Notes concerning Mr. Arrowsmith's Death, an ancient MS., n. 48, MSS. in Arch. Dioc. Westm.
5. On Mr. Edmund Arrowsmith, in an old hand scarce legible, in a separate leaf in 4to, dated 16th August, 1631 ; copied in the handwriting of Rev. Alban Butler in the previously referred to volume at Oscott, entitled " Memoirs of Missionary Priests, MSS."
6. Relation of Mr. Rigby's (Arrowsmith) Martjrrdom. In the collection of MSS. of the Episcopal Archives of Southwark, p. y^-
Fr. Arrowsmith was sometimes known under the aliases of Bradshaw and Rigby, and was, indeed, indicted at his trial in the latter name.
Most of the above MSS. are printed in Bro. Foley's Records S.J., vol. ii.
7. Recit veritable de la cruante et Tyrannic faicte en Angle- terre a I'endroit du Pere Edmond Arosmith de la compagnie de Jesus. Paris, 1629. 8vo. pp. 16.
8. His portrait was engraved 8vo. and published in the 1737 English I?.elation, and bears the inscription, Edmundus Arrowsmith, Soc. Jesu, Pidei odio suspensus et dissectus, Lancastrise, 1628.
9. A picture of his execution was published by Thomas Haydock in his Edit, of Challoner's Memoirs, 8vo.
Arrowsmith, Thurstan, yeoman, of Haydock, Lanca- shire, being convicted of recusancy, was committed by the Earl of Derby to the gaol at Salford, March 29, 1582, where he stoutly refused to conform to the new religion, though every effort was made by the keeper of the prison, Robert Worsley, to induce him to do so. He died in prison, in 1583, other- wise he would probably have suffered martyrdom with his fellow-prisoner, John Finch. He was the grandfather of Fr. Edmund Arrowsmith, the martyr, and father of Dr. Edmund Arrowsmith.
Recusant Rolls, P.R.O. ; Foley, Records S.J., vol. iii.
64 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Arundel and Surrey, Alathea Talbot, Countess of, was one of the three daughters and eventually sole heiress of Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, K.G., by Mary, daughter of his stepmother (Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of John Hard wick, of Hard wick Hall, co. Derby), by her first husband, Sir William Cavendish, ancestor of the Dukes of Devonshire. In 1606 she married Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, son of the unfortunate Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, who died in the Tower in 1595. Her husband, deprived by his father's attainder of the honours and greatest part of the family estates, had only the title of Lord Maltravers by courtesy during the reign of Elizabeth, but was restored by Act of Parliament I James I., 1603, to all such titles of honour and precedence as his father had lost, and also to the baronies lost by the attainder of his grandfather, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and, in 162 1, he was created Earl Marshal, and Earl of Norfolk in 1644, dying on Oct. 4, two years later.
Her ladyship survived her husband many years.
Allibone, Biog. Diet. ; Burke, Peerage.
I. Nature embowelled ; her choicest secrets digested into receipts, wliereunto are annexed many rare and hitherto unim- pared inventions. Lond. 1665, with portrait by Hollar,
Arundel, Mary, Countess of, was the daughter of Sir John Arundell, of Llanherne, in Cornwall, and was first married to Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, and afterwards to Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, and died Oct. 20, 1557.
Park, Walpole, Royal and Noble Authors; Allibone, Biog. Diet. ; Cooper, Biog. Diet.
1. Alexandri Severi Sententise et Res Gestse, ex Anglieo in Sermonem Latinum versse per Mariam Arundell et Joannurc. Radclififum. A translation from the English, MS. in the Royal Library.
2. Seleetse Sententise Septem Sapientum Grsecorum. A trans- lation from the Greek.
3. Similitudines ex Platonis, Aristotelis, Seneca, et aliorum Philosophorum Libris collectas.
Ded. to her father, Sir John Arundell.
4. De Stirpe et Familia Alexandri Severi, et de Signis quae ei portendebant Imperium.
A translation from the English.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 6$
Her son, John Radcliffe, wrote: "Responsum Alexandri Severi ad Literas Gordiani Senatoris," Re^. I\LS. 12 A, III.
Arundel and Surrey, Anne, Countess of, born in 155 7, was the daughter of Lord Dacres of the North, and sister and co-heir of Thomas, the last Lord Dacre. While yet a child she became the wife of the unfortunate Phih'p, Earl of Arundel. Li I 5 82, or the following year, she embraced the faith to which she was during the remainder of her life most devotedly attached. This exposed her to great persecution, and Queen Elizabeth caused her to be imprisoned for a year in the house of Sir Thomas Shirley. After her husband's death, in the Tower, in 159S, she gave herself up entirely to her religious duties, the performance of works of charity, and the education of her children.
Li 1622 she founded the English College of the Society of Jesus in Ghent. She died April 13, 1630, aged 72, and was buried at Arundel.
Cooper, Biog. Diet.
1. An interesting collection of verses, produced, says Mr. Lodge (Illus. of Brit. Hist., vol. iii.), by the " melancholy exit of her lord, which abound with the imperfect beauties, as well as with the common errors, of a strong, but untaught, poetical fancy."
2. Many letters preserved in the Howard papers, written, says Mr. Lodge, in the best style of that time, and in a strain of unaffected piety and tender- ness, which lets us at once into her character.
3. Portrait, painted by Vosterman, engr. by Hollar ; also cngr. by Gerimia, 1806, vol. ii. Park's Cat. of Royal and Noble Authors, by Walpole.
Arundel, Philip Howard, Earl of, was born at Arundel House, London, June 28, 1557, and was the son of Thomas, fourth Duke of Norfolk, by the Lady Mary Fitzalan, daughter and heiress of Henry, Earl of Arundel. His mother died two months after his birth, of a puerperal fever. He was educated at home, one of his preceptors being the famous Gregory Martin, and he afterwards was sent to Cambridge, where he was admitted M.A. in 1576. When about the age of 18 he went to Court, where he appears to have led a rather dissolute life. He had been married, when only twelve years old, to Anne Dacres, eldest daughter and ultimately heir of Lord Dacres of the North, by his wife Elizabeth Leyborne, afterwards
VOL. L F
66 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
the third wife of the Duke of Norfolk, and whilst at Court seems to have utterly neglected his wife. His object was to obtain the favour of Queen Elizabeth, "which could not be had (as was observed) by such as he, if they showed any love for their wives." He was present at the disputations held by Charke, Fulke, Whitaker, and others, against Fr. Campion, and from what he heard on these occasions he was led to adopt a better life, though he did not openly avow the change of his religious sentiments till more than a year had elapsed, being deterred by the rigorous laws then in force against Catholics.
In 1583 he entertained Queen Elizabeth at Arundel Castle. Soon after her departure, the Earl was ordered into close custody in his own house. The next day he was examined before the Privy Council respecting his religion and his dealings with Cardinal Allen and Mary Queen of Scots. He made no admissions. Two days afterwards Lord Hunsdon was sent to interrogate him on the same subjects, and also respecting Throckmorton's conspiracy, but he was equally unsuccessful. After being detained three weeks, the Earl was set at liberty. At length, in 1584, he was formally reconciled to the Church by Fr. William Weston, alias Edmonds, S.J. The change which was soon observed in his demeanour and manner of life led his enemies to suspect the truth, and he determined to escape their machinations by quitting the kingdom. Accord- ingly, he embarked on a ship at Littlehampton, in Sussex, having previously addressed an eloquent letter to the Queen in justification of the course he had taken, and disclaiming any intention of being a traitor to her Majesty. His design, however, had already been betrayed to the Council, and by their order one Keloway boarded the Earl's ship, took him into custody, and carried him under a strong guard to London, arriving there April 25, 1585. He was immediately committed to the Tower, where he remained a close prisoner until his death, Oct. 19, 1595, which his friends attributed to poison. From the commencement of his imprisonment his miserable life was spent in devotional and ascetic exercises, which he practised with great rigour. He was buried in the church of St. Peter and Vincula within the Tower, in the grave where his father's body rested. His interment was conducted with scant regard to his exalted position. The coffin cost the Queen ten shillings, and
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 67
the pall thirty shilh'ngs. The chaplain deemed it a profanation to read the Established service over the grave of a Catholic, and therefore read some prayers which he thought fitting to the occasion. One of them commenced as follows : " Oh I Almighty God, who art the Judge of all the world, the Lord of life and death, who alone hast the keys of the grave, who shuttest and no man opencth it, who openest and no man can shut it, we give Thee hearty thanks for that it hath pleased Thee, in Thy mercy to us, to take this man out of the world."
Cooper, Biog. Diet., and Athen. Cantab. ; Oliver, Colleetions.
1. An Epistle in the Pei'son of Christ to the Faithfull Soule, written first by that learned Lanspergius, and after translated into English by one of no small fame, whose good example and sufferance and living hath and wilbe a memoriall unto his coun- trie and posteritie for ever. Antwerp. 1595.
'• An Epistle of Jesus Christ to the Faithful Soul. Trans, into English by Lord Philip, xix. Earl of Arundel, from the work of Johann Justus, Landsberger." Lond. 1S71. i6mo.
2. Three Treatises of the Excellency and Utility of Virtue.
3. The Lives of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, and of Anne Dacres, his Wife. Edited from the Original MSS. by (H. G. F, Howard) the Duke of Norfolk. Lond. 1857, 8vo. pp. 94-124. Lond. cr. 8vo. 1871.
4. The story of Philip Howard, trans, from the French of A. P. Rio, entitled " The Four Martyrs." Lond. 1858. i2mo.
5. Portrait, engr. by J. Thomson, from a painting by Zucchero, pub- lished in Lodge's " Portraits."
^c>^
Arundell, Blanche, Lady, born in 1583, was sixth daughter of Edward Somerset, fifth Earl and second Marquess of Worcester, and became the wife of Thomas, second Lord Arundell, of Wardour. It has been observed of her father that " England did not possess a more discreet or faithful sub- ject, and that if the king had been ruled by his counsels, he might have preserved both his life and his crown." Lady Blanche, worthy of such a Catholic father, signalized her memory by her spirited defence of Wardour Castle for nine days, during the absence of her husband, against the over- whelming force under the command of Sir Edward Hungerford and William Strode. She ultimately delivered up the castle on honourable terms, which were broken. The articles of capitu-
F 2
6S BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
lation were signed May 8, 1643. The Parliamentary forces, however, were soon dislodged by the resolution of her son, who ordered a mine to be sprung under the castle, and thus sacri- ficed that noble structure to his loyalty. She survived her husband, who succumbed to his wounds at Oxford in May,
1643, ^"d <^ied at Winchester, Oct. 28, 1649.
Oliver, Collections. I
Arundell, Dorothy, O.S.B., a nun in the Benedictine Convent at Brussels, was one of the daughters of Sir John Arundell, of Lanherne, in Cornwall. Her father, who was commonly called the " Great Arundell," on account of the pro- perty and influence he had inherited from his ancestors, was imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth, in 1581, on account of his religion.
On July II, I 597, six years after the worthy knight's death, Jan. 17, 1597, his two daughters, Gertrude and Dorothy, con- secrated themselves to God in the Benedictine Convent at Brussels.
Oliver, Collections, pp. 16 and 95.
I. Life of Fr. Cornelius, the Martyr. r^IS.
Arundell, Lord Henry, of Wardour, third Baron, was the only son of Thomas, second Baron, by Blanche, sixth daughter of Edward Somerset, fifth Earl and second Marquis of Worcester.
During the Civil War his father had espoused the Royal cause, and died of his wounds received at Reading, in 1643, and in the same year his mother. Lady Blanche, after a spirited defence of Wardour Castle during nine days against the over- whelming force under the command of Sir Edward Hungerford and William Strode, was obliged to capitulate.
Treading in the footsteps of his illustrious parents, Lord Arundell vigorously opposed the Parliament.
On coming to the title, his wife and sons were prisoners, and his castle in the hands of the Parliamentary forces com- manded by Edmund Ludlow. To dislodge him, in March,
1644, he sacrificed his castle by springing a mine under it, and it was reduced to a ruin. The declining cause of the
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 69
king involved him in accumulated embarrassments. He was engaged and wounded in several battles, his estates were sequestrated and sold, but were repurchased by Humphrey Weld, of Lulworth Castle, Esq., as a friend in behalf of his lordship, and at the restoration of the monarchy he recovered his property at the expense of ;^3 5,000. His wife Cecily, daughter of Sir Henry Compton, K.B., of Brambletye, in Sussex, and relict of Sir John Fermor, Knt, was seized, with his children, by the rebels, and he himself was obliged to leave the country. After the Restoration he seems to have been in some office, though not in the Ministry. He was employed by Clifford in the famous secret treaty between Louis XIV. and Charles H.
Such a loyalist and patriot was entitled to the grateful con- sideration of his sovereign, but the king forgot him in the days of his prosperity — nay, almost suffered him to become the martyred victim of the infamous Titus Gates. On that wretch's perjury the old peer was hurried to the Tower, in Oct. 1678, where he was joined by the other four lords, Earl Powis, Viscount Stafford, and Barons Petre and Belasyse. It was during the early part of this imprisonment that he wrote a few small poems, which were printed in 1679. The death of the king released him from imprisonment in the sixth year of his confinement, as Evelyn relates in his Memoirs (vol. i. p. 543). The Ministers during that disgraceful period of our annals were too cowardly to bring him to a public trial, for few men possessed more spirit and penetration of character, few could show such services to the Crown, or knew better the secrets of the Cabinet. Perhaps, also, they were aware that he had pre- pared a powerful vindication, which is still extant. King James 11. exerted himself to repair the abominable injustice of his deceased brother and sovereign.
In May, 1685, he procured his discharge from bail, made him a Privy Councillor, and finally appointed him Keeper of the Privy Seal on March 16, 1687. But he was doomed to sit in the Cabinet with disguised traitors, who had plotted the downfall of their too credulous king, to whom they had sworn inviolable fidelity.
He survived the Revolution of 1688, and closed his lengthened career on Dec. 28, 1694. Of this nobleman, Dr. Oliver, in his " Collections," sums up : "He was a firm pillar to the
70 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
commonwealth, a faithful patron of the Catholic Church, a fair pattern to the British Court ; he lived to the welfare of his country, to the honour of his prince, and to the glory of his God."
Oliver, Collections ; Lord Aritndell, MS., 1820.
1. Five little Meditations in verse, (i) A Valediction to the World, (2) Persecution no Loss, (3) On the text " God chastiseth those whom He loves," (4) Considerations before the Crucifix, (5) Upon the Pains of Hell. Lond. 1679, s. sh. fol.
They were afterwards printed in "A Collection of Eighty-six Loyal Poems," published in 16S5, by Nat. Thompson.
Several editions seem to have been published in 1679.
They do great credit to his religious feelings, and some of them to his taste.
2. Many papers preparatory to his defence when he was imprisoned in the Tower. MSS. at Wardour.
Arundell, Humphrey, Esq., third son of Sir Thomas Arundell, of Lanherne, by Catherine, daughter and co-heiress of John, Lord Dynham, was the Governor of St. Michael's Mount in the reign of Edward VI., and was lord of the manor of Yewton Arundel and Hendre. This family was formerly possessed of such property and influence as to have acquired, according to Leland, the epithet of the " Great Arundells."
Forgetful of the maxim, " non resistendo sed perferendo," Humphrey Arundell attempted to support the old faith by open insurrection, termed the Devonshire rebellion, and, being taken prisoner, was conveyed to London, where he was beheaded at Tyburn, together with Messrs. Holmes, Winslow, and Berry, principal actors in the same rising, either in Nov. 1549, or, according to Dodd, Jan. 27, 1550.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Oliver, Collections ; Yeatman, Hist, of the Houses of Arundel.
Arundell, James Everard, tenth Baron Arundell of Wardour, was born Nov. 3, J 78 5, and was educated at Stonyhurst. He married LadyMaj-y Grenville, only daughter of George, first Marquis, of Buckihgl^am. He died, without
library]
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 7 1
issue, at Rome, June 21, 1834, and was succeeded by his only brother, the Hon. Henry Benedict, eleventh Lord Arundell of Wardour.
Oliver, Collections.
I. The Hundred of Dunworth and Vale of Noddre, by James Everard, Baron Ai-undell, and Sir R. C. Hoare, Bart.
Published in Sir R. C. Hoaic's '" History of Modern Wiltshire."' Lend. 1822.
Arundell, Thomas, first Lord Arundell of Wardour, known by the name of the Valiant, belonged to a very ancient family in Cornwall, and may be justly ranked amongst the heroes of his time.
He was the son of Sir Matthew Arundell, of Wardour Castle, by Margaret, daughter of Henry Willoughby, of Wollaton, co. Notts, Esq.
Thomas Arundell strongly disapproved of the new doctrines professed by the Reformers. " He had been amongst the first," writes Fr. Persons, " that refused to go to the Protestant church."
In consequence, he was committed to prison by Queen Elizabeth in the summer of 1580.
On regaining his liberty he obtained permission to travel abroad, and entering the Austrian service under the Archduke Matthias, brother to the Emperor Rudolph II., immortalized himself by eminent deeds of bravery against the Ottomans in Hungary. Amongst other acts of daring, at the siege of Gran, or Strigonium, he was the first to enter the breach, Sept. 7, 1595, to scale the walls of the citadel, to pull down, wath his own hand, the Turkish crescent, and plant the Imperial eagle in its place. For such military prowess the Emperor created him and his posterity Counts of the Roman Empire, Dec. 14,
1595-
In the interesting preface to " The Divine Pedagogue,"
it is said that " his very name became as dreadful to the Turks
as that of Talbot was formidable to the French."
The new Count returned home in the following year, and,
according to Dodd, expected that his well-earned title would
be respected in this country. But the Queen objected to its
use, and by the decision of the peers foreign titles were
72 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
declared to carry no precedence or other privilege belonging to the English nobility. However, James I., recognizing his merit, elevated his illustrious subject to the dignity of the peer- age, by the style and title of Baron Arundell of Wardour, May 4, 1605. Yet Charles I. commenced his reign by dis- arming the gallant hero, because he was a Catholic, though he had proved his loyalty in the reign of Elizabeth by subscribing handsomely towards repelling the Spanish armada, in which noble effort of national defence the English Catholics were as conspicuous as their Protestant brethren.
Lord Arundell died Nov. 7, 1639, ^^ ^^^ venerable age of 79.
His portrait, taken by Vandyke, four years before his death, may be seen at Wardour. He was twice married ; first, to Mary, daughter of Henry, Earl of Southampton, a staunch Catholic; and, secondly, to Ann Phillipson, who died June 28, 1637.
It was to the latter that Miles Carr, alias Pinkney, dedicated his translation of " The Draught of Eternity," by Camus, Bishop of Bellay.
Oliver, Collections ; Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Arundell, Thomas, second Lord, of Wardour, succeeded his heroic father in 1639. At the beginning of the troubles between Charles I. and his Parliament, the factious House of Commons, in Nov. 164.1, issued directions to secure the person of Lord Arundell, but he escaped apprehension ; and when the Royal standard was unfurled at Nottingham, Aug. 22, 1642, his lordship raised a regiment of horse, and bravely maintained the cause of his unfortunate sovereign.
He was shot in the thigh, probably at Reading, and died of his wounds in his Majesty's garrison at Oxford, May 19, 1643, aged 56. He was buried with great pomp at Tisbury, in Wilt- shire, the ancient burial-place of the Arundells. The statement that the wounds of which he died were received at the battle of Lansdown must be erroneous, as that engagement took place July 5, 1643.
Oliver, Collections; Lord ArundeWs Letters, April 11, 1820.
OF THE ENGLISH CATHOLICS. 'J^,
Ashbey, Thomas, a gentleman, executed at Tyburn, March 19, 1544, for refusing- to submit to the king's eccle- siastical supremacy.
Dodd, Ch. Hist.
Ashby, George, O.S.B., a monk of the Monastery of Gervaux, who, being found amongst those who rose in defence of the monasteries, was executed at Lancaster, IMarch 10, 1537.
Dodd, Ch. Hist. ; Stoiv, Clironiclcs.
Ashe, Thomas, divine, was received in the English College, Douay, May 29, 1592, and having been ordained priest left for the English mission, Jan. i, 1593. He is referred to in Gee's list of Priests and Jesuits in and about London, in 1624, and is described as " F. Ash, a Jesuite, an old man," His subsequent history is not recorded.
Douay Diaries ; Gee, Foot out of tJie Snare, 1624.
I. A Letter of a Catholicke Man (subscribing himself T. A.), including another of P. Coton, Priest, of the Society of Jesus, to the Queene Regent of France. Translated out of French. Touching the imputation of the death of Hen, the IV., late King of France, to Priests, Jesuits, or Catholicke Doctrine. Dcuay, 1 610. 8vo.
Ashley, Ralph, Temporal Coadjutor S.J., and martyr, appears to have been at one time cook at Douay College, which he left in 1590. He seems then to have gone to Valladolid, and there entered the Society at the English College S.J. He re- turned to England in 1598 and served Fr. Oldcorne, S.J., for eight years. He was seized in 1606 and committed to the Tower of London, and after most cruel torturing on the rack, was remanded to Worcester with Fr. Oldcorne, where he was tried and convicted at the Lent Assizes, 1606, and both were executed together at Red Hill, outside the city, April 7, in that year.
Foley, Records S.J.
Ashton, Roger, Esq., was probably the third son of Richard Ashton, of Croston, co. Lancaster, Esq., by Anne,
74 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
daughter of Sir Robert Hesketh, of Rufford. This ancient family always retained the faith, and suffered much in con- sequence. The Croston Ashtons entered Lancashire temp. Henry VI., by the marriage of Thomas Ashton with Alice, daughter and heiress of William Lea, of Croston, and ter- minated, temp. Car. II., in two co-heiresses, who carried the estate into the families of Trafford of Trafford, and Hesketh of Aughton. Roger Ashton was executed at Tyburn, June 23, I 591, for procuring a dispensation from Rome to marry his second cousin, and for entertaining missionary priests.
The editor of Cardinal Allen's " Defence of the Surrender of Deventer " says that Elizabeth kept back the weightier charges which she had to urge, of which there is a glimpse in the evidence taken in connection with Sir William Stanley's surrender.
Roger had an uncle of the same name, who died in Scotland.
Heyzvood, Allen's Defence of the Surrender of Deventer ; Dodd, Ch. Hist. : Stozc, Chronieles.
I. Copia d'una lettera scritta all' illustriss Cardinal d'Ingliilterra con la risposta del medesinio. 15SS. 8vo.
The original letter in English, signed R. A., is prefixed to Card. Allen's "Defence of the Surrender of Daventrie." Antwerp, 1587, Svo. It was trans, into French and Latin.
Aske, Anthony, a Yorkshire gentleman, was apprehended in Holden parish, about Michaelmas, 1587, for recusancy, and being brought before the President of the Council at York, was committed to the Castle close prisoner, where he sickened and died, Feb. 5, 1587, and was buried behind the Castle wall.
Foley, Records SJ., /ol. iii. ; Morris, Troubles, TJiird Series.
Aske, Kobert, a gentleman of considerable fortune and of great influence in the North of England, was the nominal com- mander (the real leaders appear to have concealed their identity) of an army of thirty thousand men who rose in defence