PREFACE.

Tue Fourth Volume of the Gardener's Magazine contains a num- ber of additional facts on the important subject of heating hot- houses by hot water, and a various and extended correspondence on all the subjects which the work embraces.

In the list of authors of this and the three preceding Volumes, will be found above a hundred and fifty names of practical gar- deners who have never before written in any publication. Inde- pendently of the useful facts which these writers have communicated to their professional brethren, the circumstance of having excited so many individuals to write for the first time, must, we think, be considered as attesting the utility of the Gardener’s Magazine ; because to induce gardeners to think and to write, is to open up to them new exercises for the mind, a higher class of wishes to be gratified, and, in consequence, a degree of happiness increased in proportion to the exertions necessary for the gratification of these wishes.

It will be seen also, that in this Fourth Volume the number of foreign correspondents has increased, a fact which cannot but be gratifying to every reader and every writer ; to the former, because the universality of any taste or pursuit is a proof of its congeniality to the human mind ; and to the latter, because whatever may have been the motive for coming before the public, the end will be an- swered in proportion as that public is numerous and extended.

Writing this preface during our progress on a Continental tour, we can assure our correspondents, from personal observation, that they are net without readers either in France or Germany ; and that, besides here and there amateurs and practical gardeners who peruse the Magazine regularly as published, many of the ar- ticles it contains have been translated and circulated in the French and German languages. The notes which we are now taking will appear in our succeeding Volume, and from these it will be found that the gardeners of the Continent can, in return, give some use- ful lessons to those of Britain. Our part is to be the herald and recorder of gardening improvements, whatever may be the country which has given them birth, and to promote the interest of gar- deners and amateurs of the art, first in Britain as our home, and next throughout the world as the abode of our friends.

J.C. L.

Munich, Nov. 2. 1828. AZ

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. IV.

A. = 2 - Page 320 A. B. - 2 si - 192 A, B. B. = Sols, Abhot, ste Esq. - - - 318 A Blooming Bulb = = - S41 A. B., Paddington : : - 187 A Constant Reader S So BY) A Denbighshire Gardener = - 233 Agrestis = = = - 317 Agricola, near York ~ © = RY Agronome = = - 208. 311. 477 A. K. - = - 532 A Landscape-Gardener - - 332, 466 A Lover of Improvement - - 185 A. M‘L. = = - oes} An Amateur = = - 85. 211. 319 A. P. H. - - - - 191 A. R. - 2 - - 448 B. 4 - - - 218 Bacon, ncaa Esq. - - 440 Bains, Mr. Henry = = Ith exes Boyce, Mr. William - s ie Braddick, soni Esq., Broughton Mount, Kent Sti - 307 Bree, the Rev. Ww. T. - - - 447 Brown, Mr, John - - 484 Buel, Jesse, Esq. C.M. H. St - - 157. 193 Byers, Mr. R. W. - - 62 Cacale - - 240 Caldecott, Mr. YAKS FHS. - - 355 Cameron, Mr. David, A. fale S. - - 1 Carolus - - - 188 Causidicus - - - 444 Cc. B. = - 64 C. F. W., of Drayton - - 64 441. 448 Churchill, E. W., Esq. R.N. - - 352 Clarkson, Mr, Joseph - - 481 Cornfield, Mr. - = 221 ote Mr. George, F. HL Ss. - - 17. 63 D. B. = 320 D. Bs Carlowrie - - 188

Dodds, Mr. J. - - Drummond, James De Esq. - - 165 Dutton, Mr. Hely S - - EK -

2 = - = 534 E., of Roehampton - 99 Errington, Mr. Robert - 350. ee 446 Falconar, David, Esq. - 446 Faldermann, Mr. J. = = - 149 Fenn, Mr. G., jun. - - Sr) ats} Ferme, Mr. Jobn - - - 164 F., of Yarmouth - - - 189 Forbes, Mr. Robert « - = te Forrest, Mr. John “ - - 362 Forster, W. T. = = =- 235 Fraser, Mr. James = - 96, 216, 217. 334 French, Mr. D. - - - 188 G. - - - = - 184 G. M. = = = - 187. 315

Gordon, Mr. A.

Gorrie, Mr. Archibald, c M. HLS. o iil Griffith, W., Esq. - - SP EH G.S: = - - 280 Hall, Mr. Thomas 156

Hamilton, W., M.D. 158. 161. 190. 278. 402, 403. 442, 415, 444, 448

Haycrolt, Mr. John - - 237 Haythorn, Mr. J. - - - 480 HAG. Wy = = 5. Hervey, Mr. John ee ea - dd] Hogg, Mr. Thomas = - 318, 534 Hortulanus - - - 5 Sas Housman, Mr. James - 102. 187. 189. 461

Howes, Mr. R. L. - - Sook

Hurst, Mr. WEN Ane M. _ Ap 1D) 12? - Jessop, Mr. C. “Hale

pees 105 Battersea - J. 1 (on Paddington H., Rotherham ae

Sea

M, Philadelphia J. aes Pe, of PEG) NE

Inquisitor Johnson, G. W., Esq. J. R., Kilkenny Nursery

J. R. of Aberdeen -

Juvenis Olitor -

J. W. : Kendall, Mr. Alfred La Gasca, Don Mariano

f - 240 - 313, 314. 533

184, 189, 191. 277. 281 ~ 397, 502

444, 281 126

“79, 205, 221. O77. Ao

Leclerc, M. Oscar, of Paris

Lignum Vite

Lindegaard, Peter, Esq. 45 HLS) -

Linn, Mr. James M.

M.A MMurtrie, Mr. W., C. MES.

Main, Mr. James Major, Mr. Joseph = Major, Mr. Joshua Mangles, Mr. - Masey, Mr. P., jun. Matthzeus Sylvaticus Mentor - - Meyer, Mr. T. A. Middleton, Mr. A. - M., Isabella - Mitchinson, Mr. W. - Mould; Mr. Frederick M. P.

Nisbett, Mr. John - N.S. - - Parks, Mr. J. D. - P. D., Liverpool - Petersen, Mr. Jens Peter Philo-Botanicus - EBCECBNE: Mr. James

P. L. - = Prince, William, Esq. Rana = Rants Mr. Charles

Redding, Mr. William ~ Reid, Mr. Robert -

Rhodes, the Rev. James Armitage

R. in U. = = Rollins, Mr. James - Runciman, Mr. J. Rusticus in Urbe - Saul, Mr. M. = Sidey, Mr. Charles Sinclair, Mr., F.L.S. ELS, Smith, Mr. KF

Smith, Mr. F. W. Smith, Mr. William

Spiers, Mr. David 5

Stephens, Mr. James Stowe, William, Esq. S. T. P., of Reading

"166. 286, 408. 522. a

92, ior “11S. 202, 234. 454 445

445 Murray, John, Esq. ESA. F.LS, F.H.S. re

162 187

319, 320

295, 485 = 293 509. 401, 402, 448 318. 506

iS Bo aie Os 0

SRain

kt 05 09 wSee

ENGRAVINGS IN VOL. IV. Vv

Suffolciensis 2 - 14, 106. 186) W. G. T. = = - 319 Superficial - G4, 315, : 316. ous. 442. 444. 532 | Wilson, Mr. Robert - = - 238 Sweet, Mr. R. = - 183 Wilson, Mr. William = By 3 853} S. W., of Lancaster = 2 - 400) W. M. = : = - 936 S. X. P: > = = - 328) W. R.Y. : 2 - 107. 230 Symons, Mr. T. - - - - 161) xX. - - - - - 64 AW, 1p - = - 192)X. Y - - - 3 IY ‘Thompson, Mr. H. S. = = - 4521X. Y. Z. = =, - 63, 64. 440 Thompson, Robert, Esq. -— - 407) Y.B. - 5 - - 151 T. L., of Maida Hill - - - 224) Young Bearslug c 5 - 160 T.S.S.N. 3 : - 99| Young, Mr. Thomas - = = pie Vaughan, Mr. W. - - - 358)Z. - - - - - - 440 Watts, Mr. S. - = - 312 | Zig-zag - - - - 438 W. F., jun. - - - - 169 ENGRAVINGS IN, VOL. IV. No. IMPLEMENTS. a ae St ne Page 5 4 i arrow - 186 . Naming plants - - - 349 65. Morton’s Revolving Brake Hi 101, (Forcing sea‘eale fi ’ 208 YSTRUMENTS. Lule erates eon PLANTS. GUAR s pee seieset ni i 484 1. to10. Hardy and Exotic Ferns 1, to6 Cg - - © - FWHE TES oto HES 32 Grevillea acanthifolia 3 a Sil MACHINES. a eu ileg mucronulata 5 right 80. Corn-drying machine : - 281 50, rum campanulatum © - 135 é : Z a: (a . Diospyrus Mabdla = 3 - 136 83. For sowing plants in rows 328 BL. Stapeiva Hae : Y Lar UTENSILS. 52. Luph érbia, caput Meduse = 8).= 188 72. Tilt for hot-bed sashes = - 240| 53. Cypriptdium insigne - - 139 73. Watering-pot rose - - 240} 54. Papaver alpinum - - = 139 94. New tally sh a . 349) 55. Pomadérris discolor = - 140 98. Curtain for fruit trees = - 356| 56. Cephatlis ipecacudnha - - 143 99. Iron staple for fastening trees - 357| 99. Sago Palm - - - 162 400. Tube for watering under ground - 358| 74. Calochdértus macrocarpus - 253 113, 114, 115. Hurdles - - 401, 402| 75. Cineraria aurantiaca = - 255 124, Garden pots at Liverpool = - 485| 76. Roccélla tinctdria - 256 s 77. Cetraria islandica o c - 236 STRUCTURES, 96. Solandra grandiflora - - 352 60. Umbrella trellis - - 168 | 102. Breadfruit tree - = - 369 21, 22, 23. 62. Flower stands - 15, 16.177) 103. Primula verticillata S - 370 67 7, 68. Melon pit - - - 227, 228 | 104. Combretum comdsum s os ey 82. Rain-water tank - 307] 105. _Eschschéltzia califérnica = = ay) 118, 119, 120. Forcing-pits at Welbeck ~ 453 106. Cattleya crispa 2 S a 873} 122. Movable glass case < > - 480 | 107. Catasétum Claveringz - OTS EDIFICES 108. Ferrarza atrata = 876 z 109. Cumminga campanulata and Salpi. 34. to 37. Lodges and cottages - 44, 45 gléssis picta a i 374 126. Downhill House - - - 512]110. Billardiéra scAndens 3 © 375 J 111. Kaulfisséa amelldides = - 3716 Sade ideas 3 121. Olea fragrans, Caméllia sasdnqua, and _Al. to 13. Greffe Blaikie - - 7,8 AG Aleaindica 8 455 _ 40. Cutting over forest trees - =) 00) = ee ataining en Byraaide = - is FRUITS. 9. Protecting peach trees - - 279 15. to 2 rare 5 . to 20. Select pear varieties - 12.tol14 Sb UEGTPAR OR CL WNWoee ese = = 89. Peach and neem inonefruit - 53 DIAGRAMS. 71. Cornish crab Ss - - 231 24, 25. Hot water apparatus A . 18] 78. Monstrosity of a Crassane pear - 263 : ati ater - 28.tod : . RL MCIB ORG nt ale ae ae | ELANSIOF GARDENS) AND) PARKS 42, 43. Hot water = - - 62,63] 14. Plan for a villa residence = - 310 45. Sticks for Knight’s marrow pea - 107} 41. Plans for a town garden 59 46, 47. Distinguishing fruits - 110,111] 44. Gardens and grounds at Wilford Hall 91 48. Transplanting large trees - - 117} 66. Kitchen, fruit, and flowergarden - 215 57, 58. Circular chimney fiues - - 160} 97. Kitchen-garden - - - 354 ‘ 63. Flower masses - - - 177| 116. Flower-garden at Bagshot - - 434 ” 64. susties yathoun astragals : 178 | 117. Dutch flower-garden - - 435 84, 85, 86. Heating a hot-house b steam. 331, F : 38 LANDSCAPES. 87, 88, 89. Double sunk fence = 335, 336| 112. -Astankina 4 a -* 394 90, 91, 92, 93. Cultivationof the carnation 125. Frederiksdal _ ta - 500

and picotee - - 345. to 348

CONTENTS.

Parr I.

General Subject.

Catalogue of the Hardy and Exotic Ferns. in the Garden of Robert Barclay, Esq. F.L.S. HS. &c., at Bury Hill, Surrey, with Directions for their Culture. By Mr. David Cameron, A.L.S., Gardener at Bury Hill E = ad

Description and Origin of the Mode of Grafting, formerly called by the French Greffe Kew, now Greffe Blaikie, by M. Oscar Leclerc, of the Jardin du Roi, Paris = - 7

An Account of some Improvements made in the Apparatus for circulating hot Water in Hot- housesby Messrs. Cottam and Hallen, of Wins- ley Street, London. By Mr. George Cottam, F. HLS. - - = -

An Account of some Hot-houses in Yorkshire, in which Steam is employed aiong with Water, for the Purposes of Heating. By Mr. Henry Bains, of the York Nursery - Spa)

On the Gardening and Botany of Spain. By Don Mariano La Gasca, late Director of the Royal Botanic Garden at Madrid _ - 56

On the System of examining and giving Charac- ters to young Gardeners in Denmark. By Peter Lindegaard, Esq. F.H.S., Gardener to the King of Denmark, at Rosenberg. Trans- lated by M. Jens Peter Petersen, formerly of Lee’s Nursery and the Chiswick Garden, and now of Copenhagen - = Sii6

Outlines of Horticultural Chemistry. By G. W. Johnson, Esq., of Great Totham, Essex 79.

205. 321. 449

On Salt as a Manure, with the Details of va- rious Experiments. By Mr. Robert Forbes, of the Pinefield Nurseries, near Elgin - 82

On the Custom of paying the Wages ot Journey- men Gardeners, and Agricultural Labourers, on the Saturday Night or Sunday Morning. By H.C. W. - = = Se aNg5

On the Horticulture of the United States of America. By Jesse Buel, Esq. C.M.H.S. 193

Some Account of the Botanic Garden of the University of Copenhagen. By J. W. Horne- mann, Professor of Botany, Knight of Danne- prog, F.H.S. Translated and communicated by M. Jens P. Petersen of Copenhagen - 196

Vegetable Physiology, with reference to Garden- ing. By Mr. Main - = - 202

On Manure, &c. By Agronome = - 208

Defence of Head-Gardeners against the Com- plaints of a Journeyman. (Vol. I. p.410.) By JADA: - - = - 210

On the best Source at present open to Gardeners for the Acquirement of Scientific Instruction, and on the Propriety and Advantage of Me- chanics’ Institutions extending their Benefits towards them. By P. Masey, jun. - 324

On preserving and increasing Collections of Plants. By Philo-Botanicus = = 926

Description of a Machine for the Sowing of Plants in Rows, with a Word or Two on French Transplanting. By S. X. P. - 328

A Method of destroying the Red Spider in Hot- houses, &c. By Mr. William Redding, Gar-

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

dener to Mrs. Marryat, Wimbledon House, Surrey - - - - 330 On heating Hot-houses by Steam, through the Medium of Stone. By the Rev. James Armi- tage Rhodes - - - - 330 A descriptive Sketch of the Cucumber, Melon, and other Forcing-Pits, generally in Use in Welbeck Garden, Nottinghamshire. By Mr. Henry Thompson, Under-Gardener in the

Forcing Department - - - 452 On the Cultivation of Tea in China. By Mr. Main = = ~ 454

Some Experiments on the Value of Salt, as a Manure, by Mr. William M‘Murtrie —_- 457 A brief Essay on the Atmosphere, showing the Economy of Nature, in the Distribution of it, for the Support.of Animal and Vegetable Life. By Mr. P. Masey, Jun. - - 458 Reading necessary and advantageous to Gar- deners. By Mr. Housman = - 461 Remarks and Observations made during a Visit to the United States of North America, in 1827-28; with a List of Plants, &c. Abridged from a Communication by Mr. A. Gordon 463

Landscape-Gardening.

Pian for laying out Four Acres of Land as a Villa Residence. By Mr. Joshua Major, Land- . scape- Gardener = - Sent)

Remarks on the present Style of Ornamental Gardening in this Country, and Suggestions for Improvements. By an Amateur - 85. 211

Plan of the Gardens and Grounds at Wilford Hall, Nottinghamshire. By Mr, William Smith = = - - 90

Plan for a Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Garden, with the necessary Buildings applicable to each. By Juvenis Olitor - - - 214

On Landscape- Gardening, as a Part of the Study and Business of Practical Gardeners. Bya Landscape-Gardener - - 332. 466

Description of a;sDouble Sunk Fence in Gar- bally, the Demesne and principal Residence of

Earl Clancarty. By Mr. James Fraser ~ 334

Arboriculture.

On certain Varieties of Pear Tree, considered with Reference to their Effect in Landscape- Gardening, as well as to the Quality of their Fruits. By Mr. Archibald Gorrie, C.M.H.S. 11

On the Advantages of planting Hedge-row Timber. By Mr. W. M‘Murtrie, C.M.H.S. 92

On the Holly and the Hazel as underwood. By Mr. James Fraser, Dartfield - - 96

On the Abies Alba, or White Spruce Fir, as a Nurse in Plantations. By Mr. James Fraser, Dartfield - - ce - 216

Observations on the Lombardy and Canadian Poplars. By Mr. James Fraser, Dartfield 217

Remarks on Sir Henry Steuart’s Planter’s Guide. By Mr. Sinclair, F.L.S. H.S., of New Cross - 336

Notices respecting the Irish Yew, Irish Furze, and Irish Broom. By Mr. John Hervey, Nurseryman, Comber - - S41

a - -

CONTENTS.

On the advantageous Planting of a Piece of Ground, with Remarks on Pruning, &c. By Agronome 477

Floriculture.

Description of a Flower Stand, and Case for the Conveyance of Flowers to Flower Shows, &e. By Suffolciensis = - 14

A successful Method of cultivating the Chry- s4nthemum indicum. By Mr. W, Mitchinson, Courtlands, near Exmouth 97

Cultivation of the Chrysanthemum indicum. By T.S.S.N. = = - 99

Cultivation of the Garden Violet, and Means of obtaining a fine Succession of Flowers from the beginning of November to the end of April. By E. of Roehampton 99

An Account of a remarkable Cockscomb (Celd- sia cristata), grown by a Wheelwright at Ap- pleton, near Oxford. By William Stowe, Esq., Surgeon, Buckingham 101

On the Natural By B. - ONES :

An Account of the Mode of Treatment and Cultivation of the Carnation, &c., followed by Mr. Cornfield of Northampton. By Mr. Corn- field - S - - 221

Method of cultivating the Lobélia falgens. By

Mr. Thomas Young, Gilston Park, Herts 223 A Method of flowering the Yiicca filamentidsa and Veratrum nigrum. By Mr. J. Runciman 223 On the Culture of Amaryllidee. By a Bloom- ing Bulb 341

On the Cultivation of tee. By Mentor . S = - 344

“Recommendation of a new Tally for Border Plants. By M. A. 3 -

A successful Method of growing the Cockscomb Amaranth (Celdsia cristata) to a large Size. By Mr. Robert Errington, Gardener at Oul- ton Park, Cheshire - 350

istory of Flowering Plants 1

the Carnation and Pico-

An Account of some remarkably large Flowers ofthe Cockscomb Amaranth (Celdsia cristata). By Mr. R. L. Howes - 351

On the Culture of Solandra By E. W. Churchill, Esq. R.N. - 352

Plan and Description of a movable Glass Case for the Winter Protection of Orange Trees, Camellias, &c., planted in the open Air. By Mr. J. Haythorn - -/480

On preserving the Seeds of the Garden Ranun- culus till the Season of Growing. By Mr. F. Smith - 48

grandiflora.

Horticulture.

Observations on the Cultivation of various Cu- linary Vegetables. By Mr. James Housman, late Gardener to John Bolton, Esq., Storrs

- 2

1| On the Culture of the Sea-kale (Crambe

Hall, Westmoreland s Hints on the Cultivation and Forcing of the Early Scarlet Rhubarb and Sea-kale. David Spiers - Some Particulars relative to the Cultivation of Asparagus. By Mr. T. A. Meyer, of Berlin, now in the Clapton Nursery - 105 Notice of a Mode of procuring Sticks for train- ing Knight’s Marrow Pea. By Suffolciensis 106

Parr IT.

Transactions of the Botanical and Horticultural | Society of the Counties of Durham, Northum- berland, and Newcastle upon Tyne, Vol. I, Part I. - - 21, 244

On conducting Air by forced Ventilation, and regulating the Temperature in Dwellings, with a Description of the Application of the Prin- ciples as established in Covent Garden Theatre and Lloyd’s Subscription Rooms ; and a short Account of different Patent Apparatus for warming and cooling Air and Liquids. The whole illustrated with Copperplate Engra-

vil

General and Critical Observations on the Culti- vation of the Pear, on Publications which treat of them, and on the best Means of iden- tifying the different Sorts. By W.R. Y. 107

Abridged Communications - 113. 239. 262. 484

A successful Method of scaring small Birds from destroying Garden Crops, and especially Peas, with some Remarks on sowing Peas. By T.L., Maida Hill - - 224

Method of destroying the Mealy Bug, and a De- scription of a Portable Vinery. By Mr. James Rollins, Dingle Bank, Liverpool” - On

Description of a Cucumber or Melon Pit with bevelled hollow Walls ; with a suggestion as to the Use of these Walls for other Purposes, in Gardening and Cottage Building. By Mr. Alfred Kendall, Gardener to Lady Palmer, Wanlip Hall, Leicestershire _ = 226

On measuring, delineating, and describing Fruits, with a Glossary of Terms for the last

Purpose. By W.R.Y. - - - 230 Remarks on the Cause of Curl in Potatoes. By a Denbighshire Gardener - - 233 Asparagus improved by Irrigation. By Mr. W. T. Foster - - - 235

Observations on the Cause of the imperfect Ripening of Forced Grapes. By W. M. - 236 Cn training the Vine on Wires downwards. By Mr. John Haycroft, Gardener to the Lord Viscount Doneraile, Doneraile - 237 A Method of expelling damp Air from Early Hot-beds. By Mr. Robert Wilson, Leybourne

+ 8

Grange, near Maidstone = 23 Method of preparing a Rice Plantation, and raising the Crop, in South Carolina, United States. By Mr. A. Middleton, formerly Resi- dent Manager of an Estate in Carolina - 238 On the Formation of Kitchen-Gardens. By Mr. William Wilson bite - - 353 On movable {Coping and Coverings for Fruit s Walls; and on fastening Wall Trees with Wire and Matting, instead of Nails and Shreds. By Mr. A. Caldecott, F.H.S. 5 On a stationary Machine, or Combination of Lead Pipes, for watering the Interior of the Mould in Hot-beds. By Mr. James Stephens, Gardener, Carr House, Doncaster 357 Description of an easy and convenient Method of forcing Sea-kale in the open Ground, as practised in the Garden of Pendry Williams, Esq., Pen-pont, near Brecon. By Mr. W. Vaughan 358 mari- tima.) By F. Forbes, Esq. R.N. Ina Letter to Robert Mangles, Esq. of Whitmore Lodge. Communicated by Mr. Mangles - 359 Method of forcing Asparagus in the open Ground, in permanent Beds. By Mr. David Spiers - - - - 360 On the great Height to which the Culture of the Gooseberry has arrived, with séme Remarks on their different Peculiarities. By Mr. Joseph Clarkson 481 On the Culture of the Potato.

By Mr. C. Hale

Jessop, Nurseryman, Cheltenham - 483 Collectanea. By John Murray, Esq. F.S.A. F.LS. F.H.S. &c. - - ~ 485

REVIEWS.

of ‘* Lettres de M. le Marquis de Chabannes a S. Exc. M. le Comte de Blacas, suives de quelques éclaircissemens et extraites de Mé- moires relatifs aux événemens présens. Lon- dres, 1815.” - - - - 28 Appendix to the Marquis de Chabannes’s Pub- lication on conducting Air by forced Ventila- tion, and equalising the Temperature of Dwellings ; published in 1818. Being a Con- tinuation of the Description of the Patent Apparatus for warming and cooling Air and Liquids ; and containing an Account of the

vings. By the Marquis de Chabannes, Author

new Water Calorifére, and other Apparatus ;

vill

and also of the Manner in which the following Places have been warmed and ventilated this Year; viz. the House of Commons, the Hos- pital in the Marylebone Fields adjoining the Regent’s Park, established by Order of Go- vernment for the Cure of Diseases of the fiye, the Hospital for Insane Patients of the Army Fort Clarence Chatham, and the Olympic Theatre. Illustrated with Copper- plate Engravings. By the Marquis de Cha- bannes - - 28 Catalogue of Works on Gardening, Agriculture, Botany, Rural Architecture, &c., published

CONTENTS.

since February last, with some Account of those considered the most interesting 31. 135. 252. 369.

By Sir H. Steuart, Reviewed by Mr.

The Planter’s Guide, &c. Bart. LL.D. F.R.S.E. &c.

James Main - - - 115 Lectures on the Elements of Botany. By An- thony Todd Thomson, M.D. F.L.S. &c. Re- viewed by Inquisitor - 126

Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, Vol. VII. Part II. 241.

Verhandlungen des Vereins, &c. Transactions of the Society for the Advancement of Garden- ing in the Royal Prussian States, Vol. II. 250

Part III. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

Foreign Notices : Provincial Horticultural Societies 57. 169. 286. France -— - - 148. 270. 389. 487 409. 515 Germany - 49. 148, 271. 391. 491 | Provincial Gardens - - - 433 Italy = - = - 50. 273 |The Management of a Town Garden through- Switzerland - - 272. 391. 499 out the Year, in a Series of Monthly Direc- Holland and the Netherlands 51. 271. 392|“tions - - - - - 59 Russia - - - 149. 274. 393. 501 | Comparative Notices of Gardens and Grounds Denmark = = 50. 273. 393. 500 302 Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and Lapland | Covent Garden Market - 60. 166. 286. 408. 513

274, 395 | Calls at Suburban Gardens - - 176 Jamaica - - - 149 | Garden Libraries - - - 309 North Americ. - 152. 275. 396. 501 | Hints for Improvements - - 302 South America - - 157. 397 | Architecture - - -_- 178 Asia s = - 276. 399. 503 | Domestic Economy = 179. 305. 437. 581 Australasia - = 158. 399. 503 | Retrospective Criticism - 61. 180. 311. 439. 532

Domestic Notices : Queries and Answers to Queries \64. 183. 317. England - - 52. 138, 276. 400. 505 | 445. 534 Scotland - - 54. 16]. 280. 403.°507 | Biography - = 536 Ireland = = - 164 406. 512 | Obituary - - - 192. 320. 537

Horticultural Society and Garden 56. ye a Notice to Landscape-Gardeners - - 537

ERRATA.

Page 400. line 19. from bottom, for 1s. 6d. read 8d. _ 226. line 18. from bottom, delete the letters C.M.H.S. inserted by Conductor

in a mistake.

THE

GARDENER’S MAGAZINE, APRIL, 1828.

PART I. ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.

Art. I. Catalogue of the Hardy and Exotic Ferns in the Garden of Robert Barclay, Esq. F.L.S. HLS. &c., at Bury Fill, Surrey, with Directions for their’ Culture. By Mr. Davin Cameron, A.L.S., Gardener at Bury Hill.

Sir, Ix compliance with your request, I now send a list of the ferns cultivated in this garden, together with a short account of their treatment, which, I hope, may assist in bringing this long neglected tribe of plants into more general notice. Of this they are the more deserving, since they thrive best in situations where but few other plants will succeed.

In this garden the free-growing hardy sorts are planted out in-a north border, which is shaded from the sun by the wall, - in a bed of light sandy peat soil, about 15 in. in depth. They were first established in pots, and turned out into the bed with their balls entire, where they thrive luxuriantly without any other care than occasional waterings in very dry weather. In spring about halfan inch of fresh peat soil is put over the surface of the bed, to cover the roots that have got to the surface; and the creeping-rooted sorts are at the same time reduced within proper bounds, to prevent the species from getting inter- mixed.

[In order to give a general view of the whole of the fern tribe, hardy and exotic, we have, in the following ten engrav- ings, figured eighty species of nearly forty genera. A number of these species are not in the garden of Bury Hill, and there- fore not in Mr. Cameron’s list; but they may all be obtained from Messrs. Loddiges, or Mr. Shepherd of the Liverpool botanic garden. ]

Vor, IV. — No. 13. B

2 Catalogue of Ferns at Bury Hill.

The bed at Bury Hill contains the following hardy species : —

Adiantum pedatum Aspidium fragile ( fig. 1. b) Aspidium bulbiferum Aspidium irriguum Aspidium dentatum (fig. 1. @) Aspidium régium (ig. 1. ¢)

Yn Map \ ‘yo Way SS 2 ee

a@ Aspidium dentatum d Aspidium Lonchitis

g Aspidium aculeatum

6 Aspidium fragile e Aspidium Oreépteris hk Aspidium Filix mas

c Aspidium régium Jf Aspidium Thelypteris Asplénium adidntum nigrum (fig.2.0) Struthidpteris pennsylvanica ( fig. 8. m) Asplénium Filix fémina (jig. 2. 2) Osminda cinnamomea Asplénium thelypterdides Osminda Claytoniana Asplénium T'richémanes Osmianda interrapta Bléchnum boreale ( fig. 2. 7) Osminda regalis (fig. 5. h) Céterach officinarum (fig. 9. w) Osmianda spectabilis

Onocléa sensibilis (fig. 8. /)

z Bléchnum boreale m Asplénium fontanum p Asplénium lanceolatum

k Woodwardia radicans n Asplénium Filix fémina q Asplénium Aita-muraria

2 Doddia aspera o Asplénium Adidntum nigrum Nephrodium (the Aspidium of Willd.) Nephrodium T'helypteris (fig. 1.7 )

aculeatum (jig 1. g) Nephrodium spinuldsum ( fig. 3. s) Nephrodium cristatum Polypodium cambricum Nephrodium dilatatum ( fig. 3. é) Polypodium Dryépteris (fig. 9. ¢) Nephrodium ilix mas (fig. 1. /) Polypodium Phegoépteris (fig. 9. w) Nephrodium lobitum Polypodium virginicum

Nephrodium Oreépteris (fig. 1. e) Polypodium vulgare (fig. 9. s)

Catalogue of Ferns at Bury Hill. 3

x Cyathéa arborea u Woddsia hyperbdrea w Toddea africana s Aspidium spinuldsum v Hymenophylium tunbridgénse Trichémanes brevisétum z Aspidium dilatatum ri SANs Pteris crispa Scolopéndrium officinarum crispum - Nee, c » G oe X Pteris aquilina Scolopéndrium officinarum undulatum ens ‘\ va ° . Pteris caudata Scolopéndrium officmarum multifidum

Scolopéndrium officinarum ( fig. 4. 6) Woodwardia onocledides

a Allantddia umbrdsa d Asplénium marinum Jf Asplénium viride 6 Scolopéndrium officinarum e Asplénium palmatum g Asplénium monanthemum

~¢ Asplénium alternifdlium;

The smaller hardy sorts are constantly kept in pots, in a mixture of peat, loam, and sand; plenty of dramers are put in the bottoms of the pots ; and a piece of broken pot is placed on each side of the plant, and the mould somewhat pressed, so as to become quite firm and compact in the pots. ‘They are shifted any time from spring to midsummer, but seldom later. During summer they are placed in a shady situation, where they are frequently watered overhead with a fine rose. In winter they are removed to a sheltered sunny situ- ation, where they get but little water.

The species are as follow: —

Asplénium fontanum (fig 2. m) Asplenium Ruta-muraria (fig. 2. q) Asplenium lanceolatum (jig. 2. p) Asplénium septentrionale Asplénium rhizophyllum Asplénium ¢richomanoides

(2) BZ

4 Catalogue of Ferns at Bury Fill.

Aspléenium viride (fig. 4.f ) Botrychium fumaridides ‘ Botrychium disséctum Botrychium Luniria (jig. 5. p)

h Osmiinda regalis Z Anémia hirsita o Ophiogléssum vulgatim

i Lygddium circinatum m Marattia alata p Botrychium Lunaria

k& Lygddium scandens n Botrychium virginicum Botrychium virginicum ( fig. 5. 2) Polypodium calcareum Nephrodium Lonchitis (fig. 1. d) Schizz‘a pusilla

Aspidium Lonchitis, Willd. Wodéddsia hyperborea (jig. 5. w) Ophiogléssum vulgatum ( jig. 5. 0) Woddsia ilvensis

q Ptéris atropurptirea s Antréphyum lanceolatum uw Lonchitis hirstta 7 Vittaria lineata ¢ Ptéris esculénta v Ptéris aculeata

The stove and green-house sorts, and two or three hardy exotic species, are kept constantly in the stove, placed over the back flue, where they are shaded by climbers in front of them. They are potted - in the same soil as the last class, and in the same manner as the hardy sorts. ‘They are watered overhead once or twice‘a day in summer, except in very damp weather. In winter they are also frequently watered overhead, sometimes only enough to wet their leaves. The best seasons for shifting and dividing them are in April and Novem- ber. Individual plants occasionally require shifting at different periods, from the mould getting sour and sodden in the pots from

Catalogue of Ferns at Bury Hill. 5

the continued waterings; this sodden mould soon makes them look sickly if not taken from their roots. As small specimens only are kept of the larger-growing. species, the whole occupy but a small space in the stove, and where few other plants‘would thrive. By keeping them together they are also more convenient for watering. The species kept in the stove are as follow : —

Acréstichum alcicorne ( jig. 10. a) Adiantum reniforme (fig. 7. a) Adiantum Capillus Véneris (fig. 7. d) Adiantum ténerum

y \ Wp SN \\ Wi; i

"qa Adiantum reniforme d Davalléa canariénsis J Dicksdnia arboréscens 6 Adiantum Capillus Véneris e Balantium cilcita g Dicksdnia pilosiiscula c Cheilanthes vestita*! Adiantum trapeziférme Bléchnum jamaicénse Aspidium trifoliatum Bléchnum occidentale Aspidium patens Bléchnum orientale Asplénium Breyni _Cheilanthes fragrans Asplénium ebénium Cheilanthes microphylla Asplénium difforme . Davallia canariénsis ( fig. 7. d) Xs x Vania 2 qy dts) Asplénium marinum (jig. 4. d) Davallia pyxidata Asplénium marinum, var. Madeira Diplazium arboreum Asplenium preemorsum Diplazium barbadénse

h Polypddium sérpens Z Lomaria longifolia sue i Tenitis lanceolata m Struthidpteris pennsylvanica ke Onocléa sensibilis n Allosdrus crispus

B 3

6 Catalogue of Ferns at Bury Fill.

Diplazium plantagineum Diplazium seramporénse Doddia aspera ( fig. 2. 1) Hemionitis palmata ( fig. 10. 6) Hemionitis rufa

fendun scandens (fig. 5. k)

ephrodium exaltatum

q Xiphépteris serrulata 7 Polypddium atreum s Polypddium vulgare

Polypodium phymatodes

Polypddium Phyllitidis

Polypodium rupéstre

Polypodium sérpens ( fig. 8.)

Polypodium pectinatum ( fig. 9. v)

Polypodium tetragonum

Pteris arguta

Ptéris chinénsis

a Acréstichum alcicérne 4 Hemionitis palmata c Meniscium reticulatum

\ EZ LN SS {t Polypoddiu u Céterach officinarum

d@ Polybétrya‘cervina e Acréstichum simplex

Polypodium angustifolium Polypodium asplenifolium Polypodium aureum (fig. 9. 7) Polypodium carndsum Polypodium crassifolium Polypodium effisum Polypodium fraxinifolium

v Polypodium pectinatum w Polypddium Phegopteris

Pteris crética

Pteris hastata

Ptéris longifolia

Pteris pedata

Pteris Plumiérz d Pteris serrulata

Woddsia pubéscens Woodwardia radicans ( fig. 2. &)

Jf Gymnogramma trifoliatum g Gymnogramma calomélanos

I wish you could prevail upon Messrs. Loddiges, or Mr. Shep-

herd, to write upon the subject of ferns, as they are much better acquainted with their treatment. , I am, Sir, yours, &c.

Bury Hill, February 11. 1828. Davin Cameron.

Description of the Greffe Blaikie.

“TI

Art. II. Description and Origin of the Mode of Grafting, Sormerly called by the French Greffe Kew, now Greffe Blaikie. (Gard. Mag. vol. ii. p. 33. fig. 12.) By M. Oscar Lectrrc, of the Jardin du Roi, Paris.

Sir,

In vol. ii. p. 389. of the Cours de Culture et de Naturalisa- tion des Végétaux [3 vols. 8vo, with a quarto volume of plates], you will find a short description of a mode of grafting, which the late Professor Thouin has denominated Greffe Kew, from nct knowing the inventor, and supposing it to be of English origin.

T have learned, but a few days ago, that our mutual friend, Mr. Blaikie, originated the first idea of this ingenious oper- ation. This zealous horticulturist informed me that the greffe pu approche au moyen de Peau (approach-grafting with water- glasses) (fig. 11.) was neither practised at Kew, nor, as far ashe knew, in any other garden in England, at the time he invented it.

This mode of grafting, which I shall henceforth call the Greffe Blaikie, succeeds in most plants both of the hot-house and open air; and it seems particularly well calculated for the propagation of intertropical plants and trees. The success which attends it on delicate hot-house plants, and particularly on those which are hard-wooded, is very difficult to be obtained by any other means.

During the time when the sap is in full activity, the scion must be procured, if possible of exactly the ‘i same diameter as the stock on which it is to a be grafted. Li

First, make two lateral oblique incisions, exactly similar, the one on the stock (jg. 11. a) from above to below, the other on the scion from below to above (5), and both sloping from without towards the centre or interior of the wood. The tongues (cc). || are then cut in the form of a long wedge, by stripping them of their bark. The cut i parts are next reunited, taking care, as 9's: usual, to make them coincide as exactly as possible.

The scion being bound by ligatures to the stock in the ordinary way, the inferior part of the scion is plunged in a vessel of water. (fig. 12.) It will, however, be necessary to remove the water from time to time, and to renew the base of the submerged scion by cutting off its extremity.

B 4

Se Tees

Ss = are

SSNs

are

<= = i

§ Description of the Greffé Blaikie.

The stock is sometimes headed down immediately after the operation; in which case particular care must be taken to leave a bud or a shoot above the incision (fg. 11. d), in order to attract the sap to the place where the operation was performed. Some- times, however, the stock is not headed down till after its union with the scion is completed. When the plant operated on is small, and the scion of a delicate species, the plant should be covered by a bell-glass, to prevent the too great transpiration of the leaves. The air in the interior must be occasionally renewed, as, without this fe attention, it would, by the evaporation of “~—= the water, be rendered too humid. ;

If the diameter of the scion is less than that of the stock, the operation must of course be different from the preceding. In such a case, the incisions must be limited simply to two longitudinal ones of equal dimensions, one on the scion, the other on the stock ( fig. 13.) This is the easiest and the most natural mode, and also the most favourable for giving solidity to the graft. But the intelligent practitioner will always modify the operation agreeably tothe circumstances under which it is to be perform- ed; employing some one of the numerous me- thods known by the name of greffe par approche et en fente latérale (approach-gratting, and by lateral clefts or slits).

I mentioned above, that Mr. Blaikie’s method succeeded universally on hardy ligneous plants; let me add, that in such cases, when it is desired to prevent evaporation produced by the winds or the solar rays, a strong paper or parchment cap, fixed on just below the junction of the parts operated on, and enclosing all the rest of the upper part of the stock, is a very good plan. This precaution should be used with all delicate grafts in the open air, when the scions have any leaves on them; and particularly in the case of resinous or gummy trees.

It has lately been recommended to insert the scion into earth, either the free soil or soil in a pot, the latter being maintained at a proper degree of heat.

[Mr. Murray, of the Glasgow botanic garden, inserts the ends of the scions into potatoes or turnips, and the success is as great as when glasses of water are used, ]